基于选区激光熔化温度场数值模拟的支撑结构优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2020.19.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 添加支撑结构在选区激光熔化中必不可少，零件的悬垂特征需要添加支撑结构，起到固定零件和散热的作用，若悬垂特征热量积聚过大，会导致翘曲变形、塌陷、残余热应力等缺陷。研究了支撑结构对选区激光熔化温度场的影响，并设计优化了一种具有良好综合导热性的支撑结构。首先建立选区激光熔化三维有限元模型；然后研究传统支撑结构对温度场的影响；最后基于数值模拟结果对支撑结构进行设计优化，并通过有限元分析和制造实验进行验证。实验结果表明，与传统的支撑结构相比，由新支撑结构支撑的薄板顶部烧结层平均节点温度最低、温差较小，可表现出良好的综合导热性，且薄板翘曲变形程度显著降低。

关键词: 选区激光熔化, 温度场, 支撑结构, 导热性

Abstract: Support structures were required in SLM processes to support overhanging features in order to hold the work piece in the place and remove heat away from the processes. If heat accumulation in overhangs was too large, it would cause defects such as warpage, collapse, residual thermal stress，et al. Therefore, the influences of support structures on the temperature field of SLM were studied, and support structures with good comprehensive heat conduction were designed. Firstly, a three-dimensional finite element model of SLM was established. Then, the influences of the traditional support structures on the temperature field were studied. Finally, support structures were designed and optimized based on the numerical simulation results. It was verified by finite element analyses and manufacturing experiments. Results show that compared with the traditional support structures, the top sintering layers of the thin plates supported by the new support structures have the lowest average node temperature and small temperature difference, showing good comprehensive heat conduction, and the degree of warpages of the thin plates is significantly reduced.

Key words: selective laser melting(SLM), temperature field, support structure, heat conduction

中图分类号:

TG14
TN2

黄仁凯;戴宁;程筱胜. 基于选区激光熔化温度场数值模拟的支撑结构优化[J]. 中国机械工程, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2020.19.011.

HUANG Renkai;DAI Ning;CHENG Xiaosheng.

Optimization of Support Structures Based on Numerical Simulation of SLM Temperature Field

[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2020.19.011.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2020.19.011

http://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V31/I19/2346

参考文献

［1］ZAEH M F, BRANNER G. Investigations on Residual Stresses and Deformations in Selective Laser Melting［J］. Production Engineering, 2010, 4(1): 35-45.

［2］IBIYE ASEIBICHIN R. Investigation of Residual Stresses in the Laser Melting of Metal Powders in Additive Layer Manufacturing［D］. Wolverhampton: University of Wolverhampton, 2012.

［3］CHENG B, CHOU K. Thermal Stresses Associated with Part Overhang Geometry in Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing: Process Parameter Effects［C］//25th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium：an Additive Manufacturing Conference. Austin, 2014：1076-1087.

［4］ROMBOUTS M, FROYEN L, GUSAROV A V, et al. Photopyroelectric Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Metallic Powders［J］. Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, 97(2):59.

［5］KROL T A, ZAEH M F, SEIDEL C. Optimization of Supports in Metal-based Additive Manufacturing by Means of Finite Element Models［J］. International Journal of Robust & Nonlinear Control, 2012, 25(17):3349-3366.

［6］CALIGNANO F. Design Optimization of Supports for Overhanging Structures in Aluminum and Titanium Alloys by Selective Laser Melting［J］. Materials & Design, 2014, 64(9):203-213.

［7］CRAEGHS T, CLIJSTERS S, KRUTH J P, et al. Detection of Process Failures in Layerwise Laser Melting with Optical Process Monitoring［J］. Physics Procedia, 2012, 39:753-759.

［8］SCHMIDT R, UMETANI N. Branching Support Structures for 3D Printing［C］// International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. New York, 2014:9.

［9］VANEK J, GALICIA J A G, BENES B. Clever Support: Efficient Support Structure Generation for Digital Fabrication［J］. Computer Graphics Forum, 2014,33(5):117-125.

［10］DUMAS J, HERGEL J, LEFEBVRE S. Bridging the Gap: Automated Steady Scaffoldings for 3D Printing［J］. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2014,33(4):98.

［11］HUSSEIN A, HAO L, YAN C, et al. Advanced Lattice Support Structures for Metal Additive Manufacturing［J］. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2013, 213(7):1019-1026.

［12］CLOOTS M, SPIERINGS A, WEGENER K. Assessing New Support Minimizing Strategies for the Additive Manufacturing Technology SLM［C］// Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. Austin, 2013: 631-643.

［13］GAN M X, WONG C H. Practical Support Structures for Selective Laser Melting［J］. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2016, 238:474-484.

［14］MALEKIPOUR E, TOVAR A, EL-MOUNAYRI H. Heat Conduction and Geometry Topology Optimization of Support Structure in Laser-based Additive Manufacturing［J］. Mechanics of Additive and Advanced Manufacturing, 2018,9:17-27.

［15］姜献峰，宋荣伟，熊志越，等. 316L金属粉末选择性激光熔化瞬态温度场的模拟［J］. 应用激光, 2015, 35(6):648-651.

JIANG Xianfeng, SONG Rongwei, XIONG Zhiyue, et al. The Transient Simulation for Temperature Field of Selective Laser Melting of 316L Metal Powder［J］. Applied Laser, 2015, 35(6): 648-651.

［16］HUSSEIN A, HAO L, YAN C, et al. Finite Element Simulation of the Temperature and Stress Fields in Single Layers Built Without-support in Selective Laser Melting［J］. Materials & Design, 2013, 52:638-647.

［17］李佳桂, 史玉升, 鲁中良, 等. 选择性激光熔化成形瞬态温度场数值模拟［J］. 中国机械工程, 2008, 19(20):2492-2495.

LI Jiagui, SHI Yusheng, LU Zhongliang, et al. Numerical Simulation of Transient Temperature Field in Selective Laser Melting［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2008, 19(20):2492-2495.

［18］LIU Y, ZHANG J, PANG Z. Numerical and Experimental Investigation into the Subsequent Thermal Cycling during Selective Laser Melting of Multi-layer 316L Stainless Steel［J］. Optics & Laser Technology, 2018, 98:23-32.

［19］LI Y, GU D. Parametric Analysis of Thermal Behavior During Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum Alloy Powder［J］. Materials & Design, 2014, 63:856-867.

［20］SIH S, BARLOW J. Measurement and Prediction of the Thermal Conductivity of Powders at High Temperatures［C］//Proceedings of the 5th Annual SFF Symposium. Austin, 1994:321-329.

[1]	吴怀超, 吴白羽, 张秀华. 石蜡感温阀传热性能的数字仿真研究 [J]. J4, 201016, 21(16): 1921-1926.
[2]	胡平山, 丁浩亮, 冯漾漾, 严波. 基于线段拓扑关系的轮廓偏置算法[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(20): 2489-2495.
[3]	陶双全, 郝小忠, 杨子剑, 刘舒霆. CF/PEEK复合材料自阻电热原位膜混合加热固化方法[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(22): 2748-2754.
[4]	曾寿金, , 李传生, 刘广, 许明三, 李涤尘. 选区激光熔化梯度多孔支架力学性能和能量吸收研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(19): 2364-2371.
[5]	刘旭, 孙玉利, 张桂冠, 钱炳坤, 高航, 左敦稳. 液氮射流冲击冷却聚二甲基硅氧烷的温度场仿真和实验研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(18): 2161-2171.
[6]	张军, 王稳, 王健, 金涛涛, 田志鹏. 静轴肩摩擦搅拌焊温度场仿真分析与参数优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(17): 2115-2124.
[7]	束梓豪, 庞启龙, 况良杰. 晶体已加工表面频率特征对亚表层温度场的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(16): 1983-1991.
[8]	余国达, 刘怀举, 卢泽华, 魏沛堂. 脂润滑条件下塑料齿轮稳态温度场仿真与试验研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(08): 890-898，907.
[9]	曾寿金, 吴启锐, 韦铁平, 叶建华, 徐一丹. 选区激光熔化医用316L多孔结构的多目标工艺优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(06): 718-728.
[10]	许明三, 周春辉, 张正, 曾寿金, . 激光熔覆过程中的粉、气、光耦合温度场[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(01): 70-77.
[11]	王晓铭1;张建超1;王绪平2;张彦彬2;罗亮3;赵伟4;刘波5;聂晓霖6;李长河1. 不同冷却工况下的磨削钛合金温度场模型及验证[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(05): 572-578,586.
[12]	李广琪1;朱刚贤1;王丽芳2;赵亮1;石世宏1. 离焦量对中空环形激光熔覆层温度场及应力场的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(05): 587-593,599.
[13]	董永刚, 仪帅, 黄鑫磊, 宋剑锋, 杜晓钟. [轮轨磨耗及预测]列车紧急制动过程中踏面温度分布及磨耗预测[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(04): 431-438,445.
[14]	张静;马靓;赵登飞. 大方坯结晶器电磁搅拌器结构优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31(10): 1148-1154.
[15]	初红艳1，2;许康健1，2;孙冬明1，2;蔡力钢1，2. 挤压旋转的橡胶辊滞后生热温度场分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2019, 30(18): 2217-2223.