底盘构件多轴随机载荷下高周疲劳准则研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2021.19.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明汽车底盘构件在随机载荷下多轴高周疲劳准则的应用方法与寿命预测规律，以某品牌B级轿车为研究对象，通过采集试验场强化路轮心六分力信号，建立了整车多体动力学模型，应用虚拟迭代法获取转向节与其他零件连接点的载荷时间历程；建立转向节有限元模型，通过模态仿真与试验验证了有限元模型的准确性；提取了von Mises应力下寿命值最小节点的应力分量时间历程；研究了8种高周疲劳准则所基于的3种类型临界平面的计算方法，通过多轴循环计数提取临界面上正应力幅与剪应力幅，并计算不同准则对应的等效应力幅，总结幅值分布与寿命预测规律。研究结果表明，在幅值分布与寿命预测方面，Zhang-Yao准则的等效剪应力幅值整体偏大，预测寿命为1.09×105周次，较其他准则偏于保守；McDiarmid准则的大应力幅仅占3.4%，预测寿命为1.25×106周次，明显大于其他准则的预测寿命值，而改进的McDiarmid准则预测寿命值明显减小。在计算成本方面，von Mises准则无需提取临界面与多轴循环计数，应用最为便捷；Findley准则提取临界面过程需要计算所有平面的正应力与剪应力数据，故计算成本最高。

关键词: 随机载荷, 多轴循环计数, 临界平面, 高周疲劳准则, 等效应力幅

Abstract: In order to find out the application method and life prediction pattern of the multi-axial high cycle fatigue criteria under random loads， based on a brand B-class car， the wheel center six component force signals of test field strengthening road were collected， and the dynamics model of the vehicle multi-body was established， and the virtual iteration method was used to obtain the load time of the knuckle and the connecting points of other parts. The finite element model of knuckle was established， and the accuracy of the finite element model was verified by modal simulation and modal test. The stress component time history was extracted for the node with the minimum lifetime value under von Mises stress. Three type critical plane calculation methods of eight high cycle fatigue criteria were studied， and the normal stress amplitude and shear stress amplitude of the critical surfaces were extracted by multi-axis cycle counting， and the equivalent stress amplitudes of different criteria were calculated， and the prediction rules of amplitude distribution and life expectancy were summarized. The results show that for the amplitude distribution and life prediction， the equivalent shear stress amplitude of the Zhang-Yao criterion is large， and the prediction life is as 1.09×105 times， which is more conservative than that of other criteria. The large stress amplitude of McDiarmid criterion only accounts for 3.4%， the predicted life is as 1.25×106 times， significantly higher than that of other criteria， and the prediction life value of improved McDiarmid criterion is significantly reduced. For the calculation cost， the von Mises criterion does not need to extract the critical surface and the multi-axis cycle count， so the applications are the most convenient. Findley criterion extraction critical surface processes require the calculation of normal and shear stress data for all planes， so the calculation cost is highest.

Key words: random load, multi-axis cycle count, critical plane, high cycle fatigue criterion, equivalent stress amplitude

中图分类号:

U467

董国疆, 张猛, 魏留伟, 张永强. 底盘构件多轴随机载荷下高周疲劳准则研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(19): 2294-2304.

DONG Guojiang , ZHANG Meng, WEI Liuwei, ZHANG Yongqiang. Study on High Cycle Fatigue Criteria under Multi-axial Random Loads of Chassis Parts[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 32(19): 2294-2304.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2021.19.003

http://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V32/I19/2294

参考文献

［1］刘俊，张海剑，王威，等. 基于轮胎六分力的某商用车车架疲劳分析［J］. 中国机械工程， 2019， 30（21）：2583-2589.
LIU Jun， ZHANG Haijian， WANG Wei， et al. Fatigue Analysis of Commercial Vehicle Frames Based on Six-dimensional Wheel Loads［J］. China Mechanical Engineering， 2019， 30（21）：2583-2589.
［2］徐灏. 疲劳强度［M］. 北京：高等教育出版社， 1988.
XU Hao. Fatigue Strength［M］. Beijing：Higher Education Press， 1988.
［3］马笑笑. 多轴载荷下航空结构疲劳寿命分析［D］. 南京：南京航空航天大学， 2018.
MA Xiaoxiao. Fatigue Life Prediction of Aviation Structure under Multiaxial Loading［D］. Nanjing：Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， 2018.
［4］刘俊，刘亚军，张少辉，等. 基于虚拟迭代及有限元理论的某中型货车驾驶室疲劳寿命研究［J］. 中国机械工程， 2018， 29（13）：1588-1595.
LIU Jun， LIU Yahui， ZHANG Shaohui， et al. Fatigue Analysis of a Medium Truck Cab Based on Virtual Iteration and Finite Element Theory［J］. China Mechanical Engineering， 2018， 29（13）：1588-1595.
［5］刘海燕，覃文洁，李欣. 柴油机曲轴的多轴高周疲劳寿命估算［J］. 机械强度， 2012， 35（6）：844-849.
LIU Haiyan， QIN Wenjie， LI Xin. Multi-axial High Cycle Fatigue Life Estimation for Diesel Crankshaft［J］. Journal of Mechanical Strength， 2012， 35（6）：844-849.
［6］钱立军，吴道俊，杨年炯，等. 基于道路模拟激励的汽车下摆臂多轴疲劳分析［J］. 汽车工程， 2012， 34（3）：249-254.
QIAN Lijun， WU Daojun， YANG Nianjiong， et al. Multiaxial Fatigue Analysis of Vehicle Lower Control Arm Based on Simulated Road Excitation［J］. Automotive Engineering， 2012， 34（3）：249-254.
［7］GAO Daiyang， YAO Weixing， WU Tao. A Damage Model Based on the Critical Plane to Estimate Fatigue Life under Multi-axial Random Loading［J］. International Journal of Fatigue， 2019， 129：104729.
［8］KASHYZADEH K R， FARRAHI G H， SHARIYAT M， et al. Experimental Accuracy Assessment of Various High-cycle Fatigue Criteria for a Critical Component with a Complicated Geometry and Multi-input Random Non-proportional 3D Stress Components［J］. Engineering Failure Analysis， 2018， 90：534-553.
［9］SHARIYAT M. New Multiaxial HCF Criteria Based on Instantaneous Fatigue Damage Tracing in Components with Complicated Geometries and Random Non-proportional Loading Conditions［J］. International Journal of Damage Mechanics， 2010， 19：659-690.
［10］MCDIAMID D L. A General Criterion for High Cycle Multiaxial Fatigue Failure［J］. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures， 1991， 14（4）：429-453.
［11］DANG-VAN K. Macro-micro Approach in High-cycle Multiaxial Fatigue［J］. ASTM Special Technical Publication， 1993：120-130.
［12］张成成，姚卫星. 一种新的多轴高周疲劳寿命预测模型［J］. 力学学报， 2010， 42（6）：1225-1230.
ZHANG Chengcheng， YAO Weixing. A New Model for Life Prediction of Multiaxial High-cycle Fatigue［J］. Chinese Journal of Theoreical and Applied Mechanics， 2010， 42（6）：1225-1230.
［13］FINDLEY W N. A Theory for Effect of Mean Stress on Fatigue of Metals under Combined Torsion and Axial Load or Bending［J］. Transactions of the ASME， 1959， 81（4）：301-306.
［14］CARPINTERI A， SPAGNOLI A， VANTADORI S. Multiaxial Fatigue Assessment Using a Simplified Critical Plane-based Criterion［J］. International Journal of Fatigue， 2011， 33：969-976.
［15］董国疆，颜峰，韩杰，等. 转向节疲劳性能与减振器阻尼关系研究［J］. 中国机械工程， 2020， 31（24）：2950-2958.
DONG Guojiang， YAN Feng， HAN Jie， et al. Study on Relationship between Fatigue Life of Steering Knuckles and Shock Absorber Damping［J］. China Mechanical Engineering， 2020， 31（24）：2950-2958.
［16］SHARIYAT M. A Fatigue Model Developed by Modification of Gough’s Theory， for Random Non-proportional Loading Conditions and Three-dimensional Stress Fields［J］. International Journal of Fatigue， 2008， 30：1248-1258.
［17］雷柏茂，李骞，黄创绵，等. 多轴疲劳模型对比研究及其在核电结构热疲劳寿命预测中的应用［J］. 原子能科学技术， 2018， 52（4）：677-684.
LEI Baimao， LI Qian， HUANG Chuangmian， et al. Comparative Investigation of Multiaxial Fatigue Model and Application in Thermal Fatigue Life Predication of Structure in Nuclear Power Plant［J］. Atomic Energy Science and Technology， 2018， 52（4）：677-684.
［18］袁伟. 多轴随机载荷下金属疲劳寿命预测中若干问题的研究［D］. 南京：南京航空航天大学， 2012.
YUAN Wei. Research on Some Aspects in Fatigue Life Prediction of Metal under Multiaxial Random Loading［D］.Nanjing：Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， 2012.
［19］SHARIYAT M. Two New Multiaxial HCF Criteria Based on Virtual Stress Amplitude and Virtual Mean Stress Concepts for Complicated Geometries and Random Nonproportional Loading Conditions［J］. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology， 2009， 131：031014.
［20］DAVOLI P， BERNASCONI B， FILIPPINI M， et al. Independence of the Torsional Fatigue Limit upon a Mean Shear Stress［J］. International Journal of Fatigue， 2003， 25（6）：471-480.
［21］董国疆，杜飞，王威，等. 基于多体动力学的车辆悬架控制臂载荷谱混合分布外推研究［J］. 中国公路学报， 2020， 33（7）：186-196.
DONG Guojiang， DU Fei， WANG Wei， et al. Hybrid Extrapolation of Vehicle Suspension Control Arm Load Spectrum Based on Multibody Dynamics［J］. China Journal of Highway and Transport， 2020， 33（7）：186-196.
［22］黄晓婷. 多轴随机振动频域疲劳方法的研究与应用［D］. 成都：西南交通大学， 2015.
HUANG Xiaoting. Frequency Domain Method for Multiaxial Random Fatigue Research and Application［D］. Chengdu：Southwest Jiaotong University， 2015.
［23］SUSMEL L. A Simple and Efficient Numerical Algorithm to Determine the Orientation of the Critical Plane in Multiaxial Fatigue Problems［J］. International Journal of Fatigue， 2010， 32（11）：1875-1883.
［24］BOLCHOUN A， WIEBESIEK J， KAUFMANN H， et al. Application of Stress-based Multiaxial Fatigue Criteria for Laser Beam-welded Thin Aluminium Joints under Proportional and Non-proportional Variable Amplitude Loadings［J］. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics， 2014， 73：9-16.
［25］陈志超. 多轴非比例载荷下金属材料的疲劳寿命预测［D］. 南京：南京航空航天大学， 2012.
CHEN Zhichao. Fatigue Life Prediction of Metal under Multiaxial Nonproportional Loading［D］. Nanjing：Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， 2012.
［26］CARPINTERI A， SPAGNOLI A， VANTADORI S. A Multiaxial Fatigue Criterion for Random Loading［J］. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures， 2003， 26（6）：515-522.
［27］JORDAN E H， BROWN M W， MILLER K J. Fatigue under Severe Nonproportional Loading［M］∥ MILLER K J， BROWN M W. Multiaxial Fatigue. West Conshohocken：ASTM International， 1985：569-585.
［28］WANG C H， BROWN M W. A Study of the Deformation Behavior under Multiaxial Loading［J］. European Journal of Mechanics， 1994， 13：175-188.
［29］LEE Y L， PAN J， HATHAWAY R B， et al. Fatigue Testing and Analysis［M］. Oxford：Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier Ltd， 2005：130-141.
［30］KIM K S， PARK J C. Shear Strain Based Multiaxial Fatigue Parameters Applied to Variable Amplitude Loading［J］. International Journal of Fatigue， 1999， 21：475-483.

[1]	张晨, 赵又群, 郑鑫, 杜宜燕. 随机载荷下机械弹性车轮的热力耦合耐久性研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(14): 1669-1676.
[2]	藤瑞品1;宋晓琳1;刘国云2;曾俊伟2. 二维随机载荷作用下汽车螺旋弹簧疲劳损伤研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2019, 30(21): 2590-2597.
[3]	藤瑞品;宋晓琳. 二维随机载荷作用下疲劳寿命的研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2017, 28(24): 3017-3023.
[4]	谈梅兰, 武国玉, 梁福祥. 基于ABAQUS的连杆疲劳分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2013, 24(5): 634-638.
[5]	胡建军1, 2, 许洪斌2, 祖世华2, 高孝旺2. 服从正态分布随机载荷作用下齿轮弯曲疲劳试验研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2013, 24(12): 1572-1576.
[6]	杨军1, 2, 秦大同1, 陈会涛1, 周志刚1. 风力发电机传动系统随机风速下的载荷特性研究 [J]. 中国机械工程, 2011, 22(15): 1837-1842.
[7]	王正;康锐;谢里阳;. 以载荷作用次数为寿命度量指标下的零件可靠性建模 [J]. J4, 2009, 20(20): 0-2398.
[8]	钱文学;尹晓伟;由美雁;何雪浤;谢里阳;;. 基于多轴疲劳模型的轮盘低循环疲劳寿命预测[J]. J4, 2009, 20(07): 0-881.
[9]	王明珠;姚卫星;孙伟;. 结构随机振动疲劳寿命估算的样本法[J]. J4, 2008, 19(8): 0-888,.