Abstract:

The definitions of key geometric errors and impact factors were given and a new method of identifying the key geometric errors was proposed. Taking a precision horizontal machining center as example, the mapping relation model of the machine tool geometric errors and comprehensive errors was built up with the multi-body system theory, by calculating and comparing the impact factors, 16 key geometric errors which affected the accuracy of the machine tools were identified finally. The demonstration shows that geometric error factors that have relatively significant influence on comprehensive spatial errors of the machine tools can be identified effectively, thus an important theoretical basis is provided for improving precision of machine tools reasonably and economically.

Key words: multi-body system theory, NC machine tool, precision design, error modeling, impact factor

摘要：

在给出机床关键几何误差和影响因子定义的基础上，提出了识别机床关键几何误差的新方法。以一台精密卧式加工中心为例，利用多体系统理论建立了机床几何误差与综合误差的映射关系模型，通过计算和比较影响因子，最终识别出16项影响机床精度的关键几何误差。示例表明：该方法可以有效地识别出对机床综合空间误差影响较大的几何误差因素，从而为合理经济地进行精度设计和控制提供重要的理论依据。

关键词: 多体系统理论;数控机床, 精度设计, 误差模型, 影响因子