Abstract: In order to ensure the safety of operation, reduce the maintenance cost of railway rolling stocks, and improve the availability of rolling stocks, health management and condition-based maintenance were highly valued by railway rolling stock operation departments.The developments of the maintenance process and system of railway rolling stocks were summaried, and a reasonable determination of the criteria for the status evaluation and classification of rolling stocks was made, and the status were divided into three types: basic status, performance status and safety status. According to the status of the rolling stock, based on the previous research experience and combined with the development of technology, some suggestions and matters needing attention for rolling stock detection status were put forward. At present, there were many difficulties in life prediction. Based on the status and detection method of rolling stocks , a residual life prediction scheme and reform direction of maintenance process and system  were put forward, in order to promote the development of health management and condition repair of railway rolling stocks  and vehicles.

Key words: rolling stock, condition-based maintenance; , health management, life prediction, maintenance process and system

摘要： 为了保障运行安全，减少铁路机车车辆维修成本，提高机车车辆的可用性，健康管理与状态修已经引起铁路机车车辆应用部门高度重视。对铁路机车车辆的修程修制发展进行了汇总，并对机车状态评估与分类的标准做出了合理的确定方式，将机车状态分为基本状态、性能状态、安全状态三种。针对机车状态，根据已有研究经验，结合技术发展，提出未来机车车辆检测状态建议和注意事项。目前寿命预测存在诸多困难，基于机车状态和检测方法，指出了剩余寿命预测方案及修程修制改革方向，以期推动铁路机车车辆健康管理与状态修的发展。

关键词: 机车车辆, 状态修, 健康管理, 寿命预测, 修程修制