Welding Joint Performance of Inclined Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding for Aluminum Alloy Sections

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2021.07.008

Abstract

Abstract: 6005A commercial aluminum alloy was welded by a FSW device with stationary shoulder. After welding, stretching and bending characteristics of joints were tested, and the cross sectional structures of welds and tensile fracture cross-sections were observed. The results show that surfaces of stationary shoulder FSW are smooth without arc grain; grooves of weld surfaces are disappeared by inclined stationary shoulder FSW. When weld speed is as 1 m/min and rotational speed is as 2100 r/min, the tensile strength of joints is as 73% that of parent metal, and yield strength of joints is as 55% that of parent metal. At the rotational speed of 1700 r/min and 1800r/min, cracks appear in back bending specimen, and the cracks disappear with the increase of rotational speed. S curves appear in cross sections of welds, and the fracture mechanism of the specimen is ductile fracture. With the increase of rotating speed, the degree of tissue refinement and degree of distribution both increase.

Key words: friction stir welding(FSW), stationary shoulder, aluminum alloy section, fracture mechanism

摘要： 采用静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊装置对6005A铝合金型材进行焊接，并对焊后接头进行拉伸与弯曲的检测，观测了焊缝与拉伸断口横截面组织，结果表明：静轴肩焊缝表面平整无弧纹；倾斜焊接可避免焊缝表面沟槽；焊接速率1 m/min、转速2100 r/min时，接头的抗拉强度达到母材的73%，屈服强度达到母材的55%；转速1700 r/min、1800 r/min时，试样背弯出现裂纹，随着转速的升高，裂纹消失。焊缝横截面出现S曲线，试样断裂机制为韧性断裂。随着转速提高，组织的细化程度与分布均匀程度升高。

关键词: 搅拌摩擦焊, 静轴肩, 铝合金型材, 断裂机制

CLC Number:

TG456.9

FANG Yuanfang, , ZHANG Hua. Welding Joint Performance of Inclined Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding for Aluminum Alloy Sections[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 32(07): 815-820.

方远方, 张华. 铝合金型材的静轴肩倾斜搅拌摩擦焊接头性能[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(07): 815-820.

References

［1］陈高强，史清宇. 搅拌摩擦焊中材料流动行为数值模拟的研究进展［J］. 机械工程学报，2015，51(22)：11-21.
CHEN Gaoqiang，SHI Qingyu. Recent Advances in Numerical Simulation of Material Flow Behavior during Frictions Stir Welding［J］. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2015，51(22)：11-21.
［2］刘会杰，刘向前，胡琰莹. 搅拌摩擦焊缝类型对接头拉伸性能及断裂特征的影响［J］. 机械工程学报，2015，51(22)：29-34.
LIU Huijie，LIU Xiangqian，HU Yanying. Effects of Weld Characteristics on Tensile Properties and Fracture Morphologies of Friction Stir Welded Joints［J］. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2015，51(22)：29-34.
［3］石磊，武传松，刘会杰. 逆向差速搅拌摩擦焊接材料塑性流变和热场的数值模拟［J］. 机械工程学报，2014，50(16):140-146.
SHI Lei，WU Chuansong，LIU Huijie. Modeling Material Plastic Flow and Thermal Field in Reverse Dual-rotation Friction Stir Welding［J］. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2014，50(16)：140-146.
［4］PLATUS D L. Negative-stiffness-mechanism Vibration Isolation System［C］∥Proceedings of the SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering. San Jose, 1999:98-105.
［5］SATO Y S, KOKAWA H. Distribution of Tensile Property and Microstructure in Friction Stir Weld of 6063 Aluminum［J］. Metallurgical & Materials Transactions A, 2001, 32(12):3023-3031.
［6］姬书德，孟庆国，史清宇. 搅拌针形状影响搅拌摩擦焊过程金属塑性流动规律的数值模拟［J］. 焊接学报, 2013, 34(2):93-96.
JI Shude, MENG Qingguo, SHI Qingyu, et al. Numerical Simulation of Metal Plastic Flow in Friction Stir Welding Affected by Pin Shape［J］. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2013, 34(2):93-96.
［7］WAN L, HUANG Y X, LU Z L,et al. Effect of Self-support Friction Stir Welding on Microstructure and Microhardness of 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloys Joint［J］. Materials and Design, 2014, 55(4):197-203.
［8］刘会杰，李金全，段卫军. 静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊的研究进展［J］. 焊接学报, 2012, 33(5):108-112.
LIU Huijie, LI Jinquan, DUAN Weijun. Progress in the Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding［J］. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2012, 33(5):108-112.
［9］LI J Q, LIU H J. Effects of Tool Rotation Speed on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AA2219-T6 Welded by the External Non-rotational Shoulder Assisted Friction Stir Welding［J］. Materials and Design, 2013, 43(4):299-306.
［10］DAVIES P S, WYNNE B P, RAINFORTH W M, et al. Development of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture during Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding of Ti-6Al-4V［J］. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2011, 42(8):2278-2289.
［11］姬书德，孟祥晨，黄永宪. 搅拌头旋转频率对静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能的影响规律［J］. 焊接学报，2015, 36(1):51-54.
JI Shude, MENG Xiangchen, HUANG Yongyan. Effect of Rotational Velocity of Tool on Mechanical Properties of Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding［J］. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2015, 36(1):51-54.
［12］王卫兵, 董春林，栾国红, 等. 搅拌摩擦焊S线特征模型［J］. 航空制造技术, 2015(增刊1):7-10.
WANG Weibing, DONG Chunlin, LUAN Guohong, et al. The S Model of Friction Stir Welding［J］. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2015(S1):7-10.［13］李海利,邢丽,吴鸿燕. 焊接参数对搅拌摩擦焊焊缝形貌的影响［J］. 中国机械工程, 2011, 22(14):1737-1741.
LI Haili, XING Li, WU Hongyan. Influences of Welding Parameters on Weld Appearance of Friction Stir Welding［J］. China Mechanical Engineering， 2011, 22(14):1737-1741.

[1]	ZHANG Jun, WANG Wen, WANG Jian, JIN Taotao, TIAN Zhipeng. Simulation Analysis of Temperature Fields and Parameter Optimization of Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(17): 2115-2124.
[2]	WANG Wen, JIN Taotao, ZHANG Jun, MA He. Development of Non-rigid Support FSW Repair Equipment for Aluminum Alloy Car Bodies [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 32(14): 1757-1763.
[3]	HE Diqiu1,2;WANG Dongyao2;HU Lei2;WANG Haijun2. Analyses of Combination Process on Microsturctures and Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints for 2198-T3S Aluminum-Lithium Alloy [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 31(05): 610-615.
[4]	ZHANG Yucun1;CUI Yan1;FU Xianbin2;SUN Shixuan3. On\|line Temperature Detection Method in Core Area of Friction Stir Welding [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 30(14): 1658-1664,1672.
[5]	JIA Jianbo1;LIU Wenchao1;LIU Hailiang1;LU Chao1;XU Yan1，2;YANG Yue1;LUO Junting1. Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on SPS Processes for a Powder Metallurgy Ti-22Al-25Nb Alloy [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 29(19): 2377-2383.
[6]	LI Xiaoxia1，2;HUANG Liang1，2;LI Jianjun1，2;WANG Zeyu1，2. Effects of Compound Technology of FSW and Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Properties of 2219 Aluminum Alloys [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 28(23): 2880-2888.
[7]	Ji Shude, Wen Quan, Lü Zan, Yang Zhanpeng. Effects of Intense Cooling on Deformation and Residual Stresses for FSWed TC4 Titanium Alloy [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 27(04): 531-536,543.
[8]	Wang Jiaxing, Ni Yanbing, Dong Na, Wu Nan. Working Load Prediction and Stiffness Analysis of Large Friction Welding Machine Tools [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 27(02): 258-264.
[9]	TUN Zhong-Wei, LIU Zhi-Feng, LIU Guang-Bi, DIAO Jian. Research on Crushing and Regeneration Mechanism of Thermosetting Plastic Based on Mechanical and Physical Method [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 23(14): 1639-1644.
[10]	ZHANG Xiao-Bei, CAO Rui, FENG Wei, BANG Yun, JIANG Feng, CHEN Jian-Gong. Fracture Mechanism of In-situ Tensile of TIG Welding Joints for 980MPa High Strength Steels [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 21(22): 2746-2750.
[11]	TANG Xiu-Jian, TIAN Xin-Li, TUN Zhi-Yuan, YANG Dun-Fei, ZHANG Bao-Guo. Research Progresses on Behavior and Mechanism of Edge Chipping for Engineering Ceramics [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 21(1): 114-119.
[12]	Yang Fazhan;Zhao Jun;Ai Xing;Zhou Jianqiang. Microstructure of WC Matrix Tool Composites and Its Failure Mechanism [J]. J4, 2008, 19(19): 0-2272.