Abstract: The strong coupling effects from multi factors in the typical extreme environments of “three depths and one pole” (deep space, deep sea, deep earth and polar) led to the coexistence of multimode damages and failures, such as material corrosion, wear, fatigue, and fracture， which bringed severe challenges to the high precision, high reliability, and ultralong service life of mechanical systems. Surface engineering technology was one of the most effective ways of surface strengthening and life extension. The researches of relevant methods and basic scientific problems were important supports for structural optimization and material designs of highsafety and highreliability mechanical engineering equipment in extreme environments. The general methods of surface engineering technology and their applications in the fields related to extreme environments were introduced, the common basic scientific problems of surface engineering in extreme environments were analysed, focused on the implements of theoretical calculation methods in solving problems, and the development directions of surface engineering in extreme environments were commented.

Key words: extreme environment, surface engineering, surface science, theoretical calculation

摘要： “三深一极”(深空、深海、深地、极地)典型极端环境的多因素强耦合作用，导致材料腐蚀、磨损、疲劳、断裂等多模式损伤失效共存，给机械系统的高精度、高可靠性和超长寿命服役带来了严峻挑战。表面工程技术是最有效的表面强化和延寿途径之一，相关方法和基础科学问题的研究是极端环境高安全、高可靠机械工程装备结构优化和材料设计的重要支撑。介绍了常用的表面工程技术方法及其在极端环境相关领域中的应用，分析了极端环境表面工程的共性基础科学问题，着重探讨了理论计算方法在解决问题中的实践，评述了极端环境表面工程的发展方向。

关键词: 极端环境, 表面工程, 表面科学, 理论计算