Abstract: In order to solve the problems of real-time monitoring of the airbag shapes of a near space airship, three-dimensional（3D） deformation reconstruction method of airbag skins was proposed based on temperature self-decoupling multi-core optical fiber sensor. According to the 3D shape characteristics of the airship airbags, the layout of the multi-core optical fiber sensors were designed. The sensing structure of multi-core optical fiber was combined with the Frenet-Serret equation to establish a 3D deformation reconstruction algorithm of the airship airbags with temperature self-decoupling function. Using flexible composite skins of the airship airbag as the test subjects, the 3D deformation multi-core optical fiber reconstruction test system of the airship airbag was designed and integrated. The test analyzed the 3D deformation reconstruction accuracy of the multi-core optical fiber sensors under the temperature change environments and the surface of airship airbag skins under different bending degrees, and verified the effectiveness of the method. The research results show that the method of multi-core optical fiber sensor with temperature self-decoupling may accurately reconstruct the deformation of the airship airbag skins in a large range of temperature environment, and the average value of the reconstruction errors of the 3D surface of the airship airbag skins is less than 1.5%. The real-time monitoring of shapes has application prospects.

Key words: near space airship, airbag shape monitoring, flexible composite skin, multi-core optical fiber sensor, 3D deformation reconstruction

摘要： 为解决临近空间飞艇气囊形态实时监测问题，提出了基于温度自解耦多芯光纤传感器的气囊蒙皮三维形变重构方法。根据飞艇气囊三维形态特征，设计了多芯光纤传感器布局和布设方式。将多芯光纤传感结构与Frenet-Serret方程相结合，建立了具备温度自解耦功能的蒙皮三维形变重构算法。以飞艇气囊柔性复合蒙皮为试验对象，设计并集成建立了蒙皮三维形变多芯光纤重构试验系统。试验分析了温度变化环境下多芯光纤传感器三维形变重构精度以及不同弯曲度下蒙皮三维形变型面重构精度，验证了所提方法的有效性。研究结果表明：利用多芯光纤传感器和温度自解耦方法能够在大变温环境下准确重构气囊蒙皮形变，蒙皮三维型面重构误差平均值小于1.5%，所提方法在临近空间飞艇气囊形态实时监测领域具有应用前景。

关键词: 临近空间飞艇, 气囊形态监测, 柔性复合蒙皮, 多芯光纤传感器, 三维形变重构