Research on Drag Torque Characteristics of Wet Clutchs under High Linear Speed Conditions

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2023.22.006

Abstract

Abstract: In order to study the mechanism and the change law of the belt discharge torque of the friction plates under the no-load condition of the wet clutchs at high linear speed, a belt was established based on the hydrodynamics model considering the influences of the surface tension of the lubricating oil film and the oil-gas two-phase flow at high linear speed. The mathematical model of the drag torque was used to establish the volume fraction of air and oil two phases flow simulation for the oil film with an exhaust gap to analyze and verify the change of the oil film. The analysis of the model shows that the oil-gas two-phase flow of the friction plate produces part of drag torque at high linear speed, which is the main reason for the recovery of drag torque. Drag torque tests was did in high-speed belt-row test system for friction components. The influences of direction, lubricating oil temperature, flow rate, belt-row gap, and friction plate size on drag torque were analyzed.

Key words: wet clutch, friction plate, drag torque, high linear speed

摘要： 为研究湿式离合器空载状态下摩擦片高线速工况带排转矩产生回升变化的机理与规律，基于流体动力学模型，考虑润滑油膜表面张力与高线速油气两相流的影响，建立了带排转矩数学模型和带排间隙油膜VOF两相流仿真模型，对油膜的变化进行分析验证。对模型进行分析获知，摩擦片高线速下油气两相流产生部分带排转矩是带排转矩回升的主要原因。在摩擦元件高速带排试验系统中进行了带排转矩试验，分析了旋转方向、润滑油温度、流量、带排间隙、摩擦片尺寸对湿式离合器带排转矩的影响规律。

关键词: 湿式离合器, 摩擦片, 带排转矩, 高线速

CLC Number:

U467

LI Jie, MA Chao, WANG Xiaoyan. Research on Drag Torque Characteristics of Wet Clutchs under High Linear Speed Conditions[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(22): 2693-2703，2710.

李杰, 马超, 王晓燕. 高线速状态湿式离合器带排转矩特性研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(22): 2693-2703，2710.

References

［1］SHAHJADA P，FARIA M S ，MASAMITSU K，et al. Multiphase Drag Modeling for Prediction of the Drag Torque Characteristics in Disengaged Wet Clutches［J］. SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles,2014,7(2):441-447.
［2］XU Xiangyang, LIANG Yinghua, JORDAN M,et al. Optimized Control of Engine Start Assisted by the Disconnect Clutch in a P2 Hybrid Automatic Transmission［J］. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2019,124(1):313-329.
［3］LLOYD F A. Parameters Contributing to Power Loss in Disengaged Wet Clutches［J］. SAE Transactions, 1974:2498-2507.
［4］HASHIMOTO H, WADA S, MURAYAMA Y. The Performance of a Turbulent-lubricated Sliding Bearing Subject to Centrifugal Effect［J］. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series C, 1984, 49(446):1753-1761.
［5］KITABAYASHI H, LI C, HIRAKI H.Analysis of the Various Factors Affecting Drag Torque in Multiple-plate Wet Clutches［J］.SAE Paper,2003-01-1973.
［6］IQBAL S, AL-BENDER F, PLUYMERS B, et al. Model for Predicting Drag Torque in Open Multi-disks Wet Clutches［J］. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2014, 136(2):021103.
［7］IQBAL S, AL-BENDER F, PLUYMERS B, et al. Mathematical Model and Experimental Evaluation of Drag Torque in Disengaged Wet Clutches［J］. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013,2013:206539.
［8］周晓军，吴鹏辉，杨辰龙，等. 高速工况下湿式离合器带排转矩特性的仿真与试验研究［J］. 汽车工程,2019,41(9):1056-1064.
ZHOU Xiaojun, WU Penghui, YANG Chenlong, et al. Simulation and Experimental Research on Torque Characteristics of Wet Clutch Belts under High-speed Conditions［J］. Automotive Engineering, 2019, 41(9):1056-1064.
［9］PAN H, ZHOU X. Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Drag Torque in Wet Clutches［J］. Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, 15(4):403-417.
［10］PAN H, ZHOU X. Simulation Research on the Drag Torque of Disengaged Wet Clutches［C］∥IEEE 5th International Conference on Mechatronics System and Robots. Singapore, 2019:44-48.
［11］NEUPERT T, BENKE E, BARTEL D. Parameter Study on the Influence of a Radial Groove Design on the Drag Torque of Wet Clutch Discs in Comparison with Analytical Models［J］. Tribology International, 2018, 119:809-821.
［12］NEUPERT T, BARTEL D. High-resolution 3D CFD Multiphase Simulation of the Flow and the Drag Torque of Wet Clutch Discs Considering Free Surfaces［J］. Tribology International, 2019, 129:283-296.
［13］NEUPERT T, BARTEL D. Measurement of Pressure Distribution and Hydrodynamic Axial Forces of Wet Clutch Discs［J］. Tribology International, 2021, 163:107172.
［14］MORRIS N J, PATEL R, RAHNEJAT H. Hydrodynamic Lubricant Film Separation during Codirectional and Counter-directional Rotations of Disengaged Wet Clutch Packs［J］. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2020, 142(1):011104.
［15］MORRIS N, DAVIES J, LEIGHTON M, et al. Oil Film Separation and Drag Torque in Disengaged Wet Brakes［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2020, 234(1):17-27.
［16］ROGKAS N, ALMPANI D, VASILEIOU G, et al. A Comparative Study on the Effect of Disks Geometrical Features on the Drag Torque of a Wet Friction Clutch［C］∥7th International BAPT Conference Power Transmissions. Borovets, 2020:04001.
［17］LEISTER R, NAJAFI A F, GATTI D, et al. Non-dimensional Characteristics of Open Wet Clutches for Advanced Drag Torque and Aeration Predictions［J］. Tribology International, 2020, 152:106442.
［18］HU J, HOU S, WEI C. Drag Torque Modeling at High Circumferential Speed in Open Wet Clutches Considering Plate Wobble and Mechanical Contact［J］. Tribology International, 2018, 124:102-116.
［19］彭增雄,孙钦鹏,胡纪滨.高速湿式离合器摩擦片角向摆动自振模型［J］.中国科技论文,2018,13(4):399-407.
PENG Zengxiong, SUN Qinpeng, HU Jibin. Natural Vibration Model of Friction Plate Angular Oscillation of High-speed Wet Clutch［J］. China Science and Technology Papers, 2018,13(4):399-407.
［20］成宵,朱茂桃,田乃利.油相-气相两相流对湿式离合器带排转矩影响的数值分析［J］.兵工学报,2020,41(5):850-857.
CHENG Xiao, ZHU Maotao, TIAN Naili. Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Oil Phase-gas Phase Two-phase Flow on the Torque of Wet Clutch Belt Discharge［J］. Journal of Military Engineering, 2020, 41(5):850-857.
［21］郑良杰,马彪,陈漫,等.控制油压对湿式多片离合器分离动态特性的影响［J］.兵工学报, 2022, 43(10):2451-2459.
ZHENG Liangjie, MA Biao, CHEN Man,et al. Influence of Oil Pressure Control on the Dynamic Characteristics of Wet Multi-plate Clutch Separation［J］. Journal of Military Engineering, 2022, 43(10):2451-2459.
［22］YUAN Y, LIU E A, HILL J, et al. An Improved Hydrodynamic Model for Open Wet Transmission Clutches［J］. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2007, 129(3):333-337.
［23］PAHLOVY S A, MAHMUD S, KUBOTA M, et al. Development of an Analytical Model for Prediction of Drag Torque Characteristics of Disengaged Wet Clutches in High Speed Region［J］. SAE Technical Paper, 2017-01-1132.

[1]	ZHANG Xingui, SHI Xinglei, YU Zilin, ZHONG Zhenyuan, LI Jia. Drag Torque Algorithm of Wet DCT and Its ApplicationsLIU Bo [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(15): 1882-1889.
[2]	Yang Yalian, Zhang Ka, Qin Datong. Research on Thermal Mechanical Coupling Temperature Field and Stress Field of Multiplate Wet Clutch Steel Disc [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 25(20): 2740-2744,2781.
[3]	ZHANG Fei-Tie, ZHOU Yun-Shan, CA Yuan-Chun, XUE Dian-Lun. Research on Impacts of Dynamic Friction Characteristics of Wet Cluch on Torque Transfer [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 24(12): 1682-1686.
[4]	Meng Yonggang;Wang Donghua. Improvement of Friction Characteristics of Paper-based Wet Clutches by Laser-texturing of Separator Plates [J]. J4, 2008, 19(8): 0-885,.