Contrastive Experiments on Up and Down Grinding of Unidirectional Ceramic Matrix Composite C/SiC with Variable Angle

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2024.02.007

Abstract

Abstract: This paper investigated the impact mechanism of grinding forces and machined surface quality on unidirectional C/SiC by a regular dodecagon-based grinding track method. Comparative analysis reveal that up grinding reduces tangential forces by 10%~25%, normal forces by 30%~50%, and surface roughness by 25%~65%, compared to down grinding. Moreover, the fiber grinding angle has a pronounced impact on the grinding characteristics. When the fiber grinding angle is as 0°~90°， the magnitude ranking of grinding force from large to small is as 60°, 30°, 90°, 0°. When the fiber grinding angle is as 90°~180°， the magnitude ranking of grinding force from large to small is as 120°, 90°, 150°, 180°. The order of surface roughness Sa on the machined surface aligns with the grinding force magnitude ranking as 0°, 150°, 120°, 30°, 60°, 90°. A pronounced material deformation rebound effectiveness is observed in C/SiC grinding. A comparative analysis of surface microstructures at diverse fiber grinding angles, and a grinding material removal model was introduced.

Key words: composite, grinding angle, up and down grinding, material removal model

摘要： 通过正十二边形磨削轨迹测试方法研究了单向C/SiC的磨削力和加工表面质量的影响机制。研究发现，相较于顺磨，逆磨的切向磨削力减小10%～25%，法向磨削力减小30%～50%，表面粗糙度减小25%～65%;纤维磨削角对磨削特性具有显著影响，顺纤维磨削时，磨削力由大到小的纤维磨削角排序为60°、30°、90°、0°,逆纤维磨削时的排序为120°、90°、150°、180°;加工表面粗糙度Sa由大到小的纤维磨削角排序为0°、150°、120°、30°、60°、90°;C/SiC磨削加工时，材料的变形回弹效应较明显。对比了不同纤维磨削角下的表面微观形貌，提出了磨削材料去除模型。

关键词: 复合材料, 磨削角度, 顺/逆磨, 材料去除模型

CLC Number:

TB332

ZHANG Lifeng, WANG Zixu, ZHANG Wangtong, DENG Yunfei, SUI He, GUO Zhiyong. Contrastive Experiments on Up and Down Grinding of Unidirectional Ceramic Matrix Composite C/SiC with Variable Angle[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 35(02): 235-243.

张立峰, 王梓旭, 张旺通, 邓云飞, 隋翯, 郭志永. 单向陶瓷基复合材料C/SiC变角度顺逆磨的对比试验[J]. 中国机械工程, 2024, 35(02): 235-243.

References

［1］张立峰，王盛，李战，等. 纤维方向对单向C/SiC复合材料磨削加工性能的影响［J］. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31(3):373-377.
ZHANG Lifeng, WANG Shen, LI Zhan, et al. Effects of Fiber Direction on Grinding Performances for Unidirectional C/SiC Composites［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 31(3):373-377.
［2］关洪达,张涛,何新波.C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料研究与应用现状［J］.材料导报, 2023, 37(16):70-79.
GUAN Hongda, ZHANG Tao, HE Xinbo. Current Status of the Research and Applications of C/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites［J］. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(16):1-19.
［3］PADTURE N P. Advanced Structural Ceramics in Aerospace Propulsion［J］. Nature Materials, 2016, 15(8):804-809.
［4］DU J, ZHANG H, GENG Y, et al. A Review on Machining of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites［J］. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(15):18155-18166.
［5］ZHOU Y, TIAN C, LI H, et al. Study on Removal Mechanism and Surface Quality of Grinding Carbon Fiber Toughened Ceramic Matrix Composite［J］. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2022, 44(10):1-13.
［6］FAN X, YIN X, WANG L, et al. Processing, Microstructure and Ablation Behavior of C/SiC–Ti3SiC2 Composites Fabricated by Liquid Silicon Infiltration［J］. Corrosion Science, 2013, 74:98-105.
［7］陈冰，王健，焦浩文，等. 碳纤维陶瓷基复合材料的磨削加工研究进展［J］. 宇航材料工艺, 2022, 52(3):12-23.
CHEN Bing, WANG Jian, JIAO Haowen，et al. Research Progress on Grinding of Carbon Fiber Ceramic Matrix Composites［J］. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2022, 52(3):12-23.
［8］GUO M, TAO J, WU C, et al. High-speed Grinding Fracture Mechanism of Cf/SiC Composite Considering Interfacial Strength and Anisotropy［J］. Ceramics International, 2023, 49(2):2600-2612.
［9］ZHOU Y, TIAN C, LI H, et al. Study on Removal Mechanism and Surface Quality of Grinding Carbon Fiber Toughened Ceramic Matrix Composite［J］. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2022, 44(10):1-13.
［10］ZHANG L, REN C, JI C, et al. Effect of Fiber Orientations on Surface Grinding Process of Unidirectional C/SiC Composites［J］. Applied Surface Science, 2016, 366:424-431.
［11］LI W, LONG C, MA W Q, et al. Key Technologies for Laser-assisted Precision Grinding of 3D C/C-SiC Composites［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2023, 43(10):4322-4335.
［12］GARCIA L G, DRAGOS A, NOVOVIC D. Influence of Grit Geometry and Fiber Orientation on the Abrasive Material Removal Mechanisms of SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs)［J］. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2020, 157:103580.
［13］王林建，林有希，林华. 纤维方向对碳纤维复合材料切削加工影响综述［J］. 机械制造与自动化, 2019, 48(2):6-10.
WANG Linjian, LIN Youxi, LIN Hua. Summary of Effect of Fiber Orientation on Cutting Process of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic［J］. Machine Building & Automation, 2019, 48(2):6-10.
［14］刘杰，李海滨，张小彦，等. 2D-C/SiC 高速深磨磨削特性及去除机制［J］. 复合材料学报, 2012, 29(4):113-118.
LIU Jie, LI Haibin, ZHANG Xiaoyan, et al. Investigation of Grinding Characteristics and Removal Mechanisms of 2D-C/SiC in High Speed Deep Grinding［J］. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2012, 29(4):113-118.
［15］XIONG Y, LIU C, WANG W, et al. Assessment of Machined Surface for SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite during Ultrasonic Vibration-assisted Milling-grinding［J］. Ceramics International, 2023, 49(3):5345-5356.
［16］LI Y, GE X, WANG H, et al. Study of Material Removal Mechanisms in Grinding of C/SiC Composites via Single-abrasive Scratch Tests［J］.Ceramics International, 2019, 45(4):4729-4738.
［17］GUO M, TAO J, WU C, et al. High-speed Grinding Fracture Mechanism of C/SiC Composite Considering Interfacial Strength and Anisotropy［J］. Ceramics International, 2023, 49(2):2600-2612.
［18］WANG Y, WANG H, WEI J, et al. Finite Element Analysis of Grinding Process of Long Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Woven Composites:Modeling, Experimental Verification and Material Removal Mechanism［J］. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(13):15920-15927.
［19］殷景飞，徐九华，丁文锋，等. SiC/SiC陶瓷基复合材料单颗磨粒磨削试验研究［J］. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(15):1765-1771.
YIN Jingfeng, XU Jiuhua, DING Wenfeng, et al. Experimental Study of Single Grain Grinding for SiCf/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(15):1765-1771.
［20］张秀丽，谢朝晖，张恒. 纤维方向对复合材料加工质量影响的试验研究［J］. 中国机械工程, 2009, 20(21):2617-2620.
ZHANG Xiuli, XIE Zhaohui, ZHANG Heng. An Experimental Investigation into the Machining Quality of Composites Influenced by Fiber Orientation［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2009, 20(21):2617-2620.
［21］曹晓燕. 2.5D SiO2/SiO2陶瓷基复合材料的磨削力与表面评价技术研究［D］. 天津：天津大学, 2016.
CAO Xiaoyan. Study on Grinding Force and Surface Evaluation Technology of 2.5D SiO2/SiO2 Ceramic Matrix Composite［D］. Tianjin:Tianjin University, 2016.
［22］全燕鸣，叶邦彦. 复合材料的切削加工表面结构与表面粗糙度［J］. 复合材料学报, 2001(4):128-132.
QUAN Yanming, YE Bangyan. Machined Surface Texture and Roughness of Composites［J］. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2001(4):128-132.
［23］YAO L, LIU Z, SONG Q, et al. Prediction Modelling of Cutting Force in Rotary Ultrasonic End Grinding 2.5D Woven SiO2f/SiO2 Ceramic Matrix Composite［J］. Composite Structures, 2023, 304:116448.
［24］GONG Y, QU S, YANG Y, et al. Some Observations in Grinding SiC and Silicon Carbide Ceramic Matrix Composite Material［J］. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2019, 103:3175-3186.
［25］丁凯，傅玉灿，苏宏华，等. C/SiC 复合材料组织对磨削力与加工表面质量的影响［J］. 中国机械工程, 2013, 24(14):1886-1890.
DING Kai, FU Yucan, SU Honghua, et al. Effect of C/SiC Composites Material Structure on Grinding Forces Sand Machined Surface Quality［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 24(14):1886-1890.
［26］YIN J, XU J, DING W, et al. Effects of Grinding Speed on the Material Removal Mechanism in Single Grain Grinding of SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite［J］. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(9):12795-12802.
［27］LIU Q, HUANG G, XU X, et al. Influence of Grinding Fiber Angles on Grinding of the 2D–C/C-SiC Composites［J］. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(11):12774-12782.
［28］ZHANG M, PANG Z, JIA Y, et al. Understanding the Machining Characteristic of Plain Weave Ceramic Matrix Composite in Ultrasonic-assisted Grinding［J］. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(4):5557-5573.
［29］LIU H, NIE H, ZHANG C, et al. Loading Rate Dependency of Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness for Unidirectional Composite Laminates［J］. Composites Science and Technology, 2018, 167:215-223.

[1]	WEN Zhiwei, LOU Junqiang, CHEN Tehuan, CUI Yuguo, WEI Yanding, LI Guoping. Vibration Mimicking Fish Body Wave and Flow Distribution of Underwater Flexible Structure with Resonant Actuation of Macro Fiber Composites [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 35(03): 405-413.
[2]	ZHU Fuxian, QIU Gang, ZHU Xingmin, XU Xianyi, ZHOU Jinyu. Failure Mode and Progressive Damage Analyses of Carbon-glass Hybrid Composite Single Nail and Single Shear Bolted Joints [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(23): 2781-2793.
[3]	TANG Xianzhi, ZHANG Xiaozhuang, HAO Shaopeng, WANG Bo, ZHANG Yu. Compensation and Correction Method of Compound Tire Pressure Monitoring Considering Influences of Tire Load Transfer [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(23): 2881-2888.
[4]	ZHANG Lifeng, ZHANG Xiaoguang. Machining Performance and Material Removal Mechanism of High-speed Milling of CFRP with Variable Angle under Minimal Quantity Lubrication [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(21): 2622-2628.
[5]	YAN Dongdong, HU Yubo, LANG Lihui, QIN Chengwei, ZHANG Sanmin, LI Yong. Bending Load Monitoring and Positioning Method of Long-span Composite Structures [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(18): 2257-2267.
[6]	WANG Fei, FENG Yi, LI Xinchao, LIU Zhuhan. Research on Multiple Arc Erosion Properties of Cu-Diamond Composites [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(13): 1599-1604.
[7]	PENG Xiang, JIANG Haohao, GUO Yuliang, LI Jiquan, YI Bing, JIANG Shaofei, . Collaborative Optimization of Stacking Sequence and Material Distribution for Wing Skins [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(12): 1415-1424,1435.
[8]	ZHENG Jinde, CHEN Yan, TONG Jinyu, PAN Haiyang. RGCMvMRDE and Its Applications in Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(11): 1315-1325.
[9]	WANG Rui, ZHAO Zhimin, HUANG Jing, LIU Xin, JI Xiangyun, SU Chunjian. Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Shape Warpage of TA2/Q235B Composite Plates during Stress Relief Annealing [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(10): 1230-1240.
[10]	LIU Xiaofeng, ZHANG Tianyu, ZHANG Chunbing, BO Lin. Location Imaging of Composite Plate Damage Based on Cross Recurrence Rate [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(08): 940-947.
[11]	WANG Xuan, MA Ruiyun, ZHOU Chunping. Progressive Failure Mechanism of Scarf Repaired in Honeycomb Sandwich Structures with Plain Weave Panels under Edgewise Compression [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(06): 727-738.
[12]	PANG Xianjuan, YUE Shiwei, HUANG Suling, XIE Jinmeng, WANG Shuai, SONG Chenfei, YUE Yun, LIU Jian, LI Dong. Tribological Properties and Anti-friction Electrostatic Properties of CF/PEEK Composites [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(03): 277-286.
[13]	MENG Kuo, SUN Guangkai, ZHOU Kangpeng, HE Yanlin, ZHU Lianqing. Three-dimensional Deformed Multi-core Optical Fiber Reconstruction Technology for Skins of a Near-space AirshipLI Mohan [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(03): 324-331.
[14]	ZHENG Jieji, CHEN Lingyu, FAN Dapeng, XIE Xin. Research on Backlash Elimination Method of Dual-motor Precision Transmission Mechanisms [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(22): 2684-2692.
[15]	TAO Shuangquan, HAO Xiaozhong, YANG Zijian, LIU Shuting. Hybrid of Self-resistance Electric Heating and In-situ Membrane Heating of CF/PEEK Composites Consolidation [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(22): 2748-2754.