Table of Content

10 December 2008, Volume 19 Issue 23

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Modeling and Analyzing for Ultra-precision Coarse-fine Stage

Yang Yibo;Yin Wensheng;Zhu Yu;Wang Chunhong

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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This paper discussed the model of air-bearing coarse-fine positioning stage. It analysed the positioning and force coupling as well as the model’s change during the mass ratio of coarse stage to fine stage changing. Moreover this paper analysed the controllability and observability using the matrix-fraction description. And a MIMO LQG controller was designed based on this coarse-fine stage model. The result of the simulation shows that the MIMO LQG controller can effectively restrain the coupling and improve the positioning property.

Research on Traveling-capability of Drive Unit of Tri-axial Differential in-Pipe Robot in Elbow

Zhang Xuewen, ;Deng Zongquan;Jia Yazhou;Jiang Shengyuan;Jiang Xudong, 

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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A mathematic model to describe the traveling-capability of drive unit of tri-axial differential in-pipe robot in elbow was presented, which included its differential velocity and mechanics property in elbow. The theoretical analysis indicates that the drive unit of tri-axial differential in-pipe robot has automatic differential velocity property without autoeciousness power, furthermore its drive-wheels produce sufficient drawing force. So it adapts to geometry and locomotion constraint in elbow. The mathematic model with its differential velocity property and mechanics equilibrium equation in elbow, is fundamentals to mechanical adaptability theory of tri-axial differential in-pipe robot.

Research on High-precision Compensation Method of Revolute 
Joint with Closed-loop Feedback by Circular Grating

Yang Xingang;Huang Yumei;Liu Hongyan;Liu Xiuchen;Rui Hongbin

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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Aimming at high positioning accuracy demands of revolute joint,the closed-loop feedback using circular grating was adopted. Based on analyses of traditional method of positioning error compensation and results of positioning error testing using laser rotary axis calibration system, rotation error compensation model was established,
which was composed of a cubic closed spline function and triangle functions,considering large periodic errors and small periodic errors.Thus,the precision position compensation of the whole range of rotating was realized using point testing results. Corresponding compensation algorithm without cumulative error was proposed to improve the rotating motion precision with consideration of both accuracy and efficiency. Experiments were carried out and the results bear out the claims with the standard deviation of residual errors decrease by 47.4%.

Experimental Study on Influence Factors of Friction 
Coefficients during Friction Process with Electric Current Applied

Lin Xiuzhou;Zhu Minhao;Chen Guangxiong;Zhou Zhongrong

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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Friction behaviors of block (carbon) on ring (copper) friction pair with and without electric current applied were researched by using an advanced multifunctional friction and wear tester (CETR UMT-2). The influence factors of friction coefficients during the wear process were analyzed. The results indicate that the steady friction coefficients with or without electric current applied are all increased with normal load and electric current intensity under lower rotate speed, however, the reverse result is obtained under higher rotate speed. The steady friction coefficients with electric current applied are increased initially and then decreased with the increase of rotate speed, but increased at all the time without electric current applied. The friction coefficients with electric current applied are lower initially, and then increased and exceeded that without electric current applied. The duration of this process is reduced with the increase of normal load and rotate speed. The key influence factor of the friction coefficient with electric current applied under lower rotate speed is likely to be the friction heat. And it is closely related to the ablation action of the micro-arc under the higher rotate speed.

Fabrication of Micro Glass Lens Mould by Using Ultra-precision Micro-grinding Process

Yin Shaohui;Tang Kun;Zhu Yongjian;Chen Fengjun 

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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This paper dealt with ultra-precision parallel grinding technique
of micro glass lens mould and investigated form error compensation technique in grinding process.Based on the above two means, grinding tests of micro-lens mould with 10mm in diameter and curvature radius were conducted by micro wheels after precision truing and dressing.Surface roughness of Ra=5.98nm,Rz=34.95nm are obtained,
and form errors of peak-valley value and root mean square value are 113nm and
23nm respectively.The experimental results show that the values of peak-valley and
root mean square are reduced obviously after the error compensation,the residual form errors resulted from machining process are modified and compensated, and the machining precision is improved.

Effect of Rapid Prototyping Error on the Flow Characteristics of Mini-size and Precise Drip Emitters

Liu Jie;Lu Gang;Wei Qingsong;Shi Yusheng

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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The channel surface of emitter prototype made from sterolithgraphy (SL) was rough and influenced the flow field of the sticky layer on the boundary. The emitters’ SL prototype which made in different direction was studied. The discharge variation discipline of emitters which made in different direction can be drawn through the test of pressure and discharge. Comparing these data with the discharge of actual emitter product, the error of hydraulic test can be obtained. Taking pole-inserted emitter with the eddy channel for example, the hydraulic performance results of the emitter prototype reveal that the emitters’ discharge coefficient markedly varies with manufacturing direction and the flow exponent has inconspicuous variation. The results also indicate that the high quality surface is obtained when the angle of machining plane is about 40°. 

Dynamic Response Peak Values Modeling and Analysis for 
Magneto-rheological Damper Subject to Impact Loading

Zhang Zhiyong;Han Xu;Zhong Zhihua;Xiao Yong

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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Exerting multivariate additive model based on kernel function and partial least-squares regression,the linear model of dynamic response peak values,such as impact force and impact acceleration of magneto-rheological damper,subject to impact mass,impact velocity and input current was established.A comparison of regressive datum and predictive datum of established model with testing datum demonstrates the dynamic model possesses higher regression precision,and beares better robustness.

Research and Development of Automatic Bulk Cargo Equipment in Modern Ports

Bao Qifan 

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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This paper described the key technologies and the realization principles of automatic grab ship unloader, automatic loading machines, and automatic bucket stacker and reclaimer for bulk cargo which were developed and applied in Shanghai Port, such as materials outline of a long-range detection, automatic control technologies of bulk cargo handling facilities suitable for bulk cargo ship and bulk yard, intelligent decision-making, computer networks etc., and implementation of efficient automatic loading and unloading operations of bulk cargo port operations in the port. The research and application enable to achieve management and control integration of automated operations creatively and establish a solid foundation for building automatic fully bulk cargo terminal.

Research on Prediction Maintenance Time Optimization for Equipment in Power Plant

Li Jianlan;Huang Shuhong

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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Based on the analysis of equipment’s maintenance and fault, a prediction maintenance time optimization model was proposed, which brought forward the unit’s running benefit as objective function by synthesizing the factors of generating unit cost, electricity selling price, unit generating electricity amount, maintenance expense, break down loss and saved maintenance cost because of prolonging maintenance interval from the point of equipment’s life cycle. The model compared the benefit and risk from equipments’ runnung at different maintenance time, and took the time with maximal benefit as optimization maintenance time. The example of feed water pump’s optimization maintenance time validates the model. 

Total Fitting Evaluation of Fatigue Probability Model

Xu Nan;Wang Weiqiang;Wang Shengchun;Li Yan

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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The total fitting evaluation of fatigue probability model was presented so that the best fitting probability function could be accepted. The probability model functions of 42CrMo hardened gear-tooth bending fatigue life were ordered by total fitting evaluation of fatigue probability model. Estimating results reveal that the three-parameter Weibull distribution(3-PWD) and exponential distribution(ED) are the best probability distribution function to describe gear-tooth fatigue life.

Research on Structure and Kinematics of a Novel Mating Skirt on the Underwater Vehicle

Wang Liquan;Tang Dedong;Wu Jianrong;Zhang Zhonglin 

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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When the wrecked underwater vehicle is in the condition that the sea state is terrible and the angle of trim and heel is bigger, it is very difficult to mate with rescue vehicle. To solve this problem, a novel underwater mating apparatus with articulated skirt was designed herein. Its mechanical structure and sealing principle were provided. Finite element method was used to analyse the ultimate strength of pressure spherical and the sealing process of the articulated skirt, and kinematical equation during mating process was deduced finally. Analysis results show that the design project is feasible. If this apparatus is used, underwater rescue vehicles can against current at best angle during the mating process. This apparatus is a guarantee to mate safely, speedly and accurately in the case of big declining angle, high ocean current and poor invisibility.

Mass Customization Collaborative Manufacturing Chain 
Optimization Based on Improved Mixed Genetic-ant Colony Algorithm

Tang Weining;Xu Fuyuan

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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Under conditions of mass customization collaborative manufacturing chain for optimized configuration,taking quality,cost,time ,delivery lead time and collaboration degree as evaluation index system,and aggregative value minimum of evaluuation indices as object,an optical model of mass customization collaborative manufactuing chain was established. Based on genetic algorithm and ant colony algoithm, an improved mixed genetic-ant colony algorithm was constructed,which was suitable to the proposed problem,and the solution process was explained. At last ,an example and comparation were presented to prove the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithm.The method provides reference model and solution algorithm for mass customization collaboration manufactuing chain optimization.

Green Manufacturing Mode for Automotive Manufacturers and Its Key Technologies

Wang Yongjing;Liu Fei;Wang Qifeng;Yin Jiaxu 

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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One kind of five-layered operational framework of green manufacturing(GM) for automotive manufacturing enterprises was proposed, that is, environmental layer for GM,supporting system layer for GM,main product life-cycle layer for GM,process objective layer and final objective layer. Key technologies such as green R& D, cleaner production and end of life time proceesing system in the framework were then analyzed.The framework of GM for automotive manufacturing enterprises was applied in Chang’an,and the application results are encouraging. 

An Immune Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem

Zhang Rui;Wu Cheng

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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An immune simulated annealing algorithm based on bottleneck
job identification was presented to solve the job shop scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing total weighted tardiness. Bottleneck characteristic values were defined to describe the criticality of each job on the final scheduling performance.Then,a fuzzy inference system was employed to evaluate the characteristic values by utilizing the human experience abstracted from practical scheduling environment. Finally, an immune mechanism was designed according to the bottleneck information and based on the idea that bottleneck jobs which can cause considerable deterioration to the overall performance measures should be considered with higher priority. Numerical computations were conducted with a simulated annealing algorithm which utilized the immune mechanism. Computational results for problems of different sizes show that the proposed algorithm achieves effective results by accelerating the convergence of the optimization process.

Regression Analysis of Particle Damping


Hu Li,;Huang Qibai;Xu Zhisheng

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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A quadric regression orthogonal combination experiment was designed for the study of particle damping by using the regression design method. And a non-linear regression model of the performance of particle damping was established by regression analysis. The model was used in forecast and the validity of it was tested and verified. At last, the regularity between the performance of particle damping and parametric variable was found by analysis. And the non-linear regression model was optimized as well.

Structural Optimization Based on Reduced-basis Mehtod 

Li Yonghong;Hou Shujuan;Li Guangyao

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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Efficiency and stability of forward problem are important in structural optimum design. A real-time algorithm, called reduced-basis method (RBM),was applied to solve the forward problem herein. Firstly, RBM was introduced theoretically, and the calculation error estimation can be also provided. Taking a castellated beam for example，the results computed from RBM and error bound were obtained. Compared with results from the finite element method, RBM can obtain accurate results fastly. After vaying the parameters, computation of forward problem was needed to carry on in the optimization process. Reduced-basis method are combined with micro genetic algorithm, which saves time and improves the efficiency.

Research on the Accuracy Loss Inequality Analysis Method of Dynamic Measuring System

Liu Fangfang;Fei Yetai;Jiang Minlan

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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Based on the whole-system accuracy theory, the rule of the accuracy loss was analyzed. The model of inequality analysis can be obtained to analyze the inequality and illogicality between every part accuracy losses according to the decomposing and tracing results of dynamic errors，which can direct the uniform loss design following a principle of equality life design. It makes every error source simultaneous loss for the most efficiency. 

Theoretical Study on the Monocrystal Silicon Nanometric Grinding Process

Guo Xiaoguang;Guo Dongming;Kang Renke;Jin Zhuji

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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The molecular dynamics method was employed to simulate the grinding process of defect-free monocrystal silicon,to explain the micro-scale mechanism of material removal,surface generation and sub-surface damage from the viewpoint of instantaneous distribution of atoms, grinding force,potential energy among silicon atoms and depth of damage layers.Under the conditions of present simulation,it is discovered that the subsurface damage is mainly composed of the amorphous layers,no obvious
dislocations are found.And the subsurface damage of the monocrystal silicon is mainly concerned with the variation of potential energy among silicon atoms.
The sorption among silicon atoms and diamond atoms is occurred due to the surface effect of the single grit.On atomic scales, the depth of subsurface damage layer of monocrystal silicon was defined as the maximal thickness of the atomic layers with random array in the subsurface of monocrystal silicon in the direction of grinding depth.

An Improved Method of Elastic Modulus of Composites Based on Hirsch Model

Lu Ping;Liu Zuomin

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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An improved method was developed for estimating the elastic modulus (Ec) of particle reinforced composites based on the Hirsch model and the characteristics of particle reinforced composites.For verifying the model, the experimental data were referred and used to calculate the elastic modulus of materials, which was preparated by spray deposition (SD) method. Results show that it has a good correlation between the theoretical and experimental elastic modulus, the theoretical elastic modulus herein is located between the upper limit of Voigt model (Ev) and the lower limit of Reuss model(Er), which proves that the method is effective and reasonable.

Neural Network Control of 5-DOF Flexible Pneumatic Finger

Xu Sheng, ;Bao Guanjun;Zhang Libin;Yang Qinghua 

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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Based on flexible pneumatic bend joint and spherical joint, a new 5-DOF flexible pneumatic finger imitating human thumb was designed. The motions of the finger were analyzed, and using BP neural network algorithm a control model was built. In neural network, drive pressures calculated in position control net were the inputs of next net, and actuator control net controlled the drive pressures of finger through controlling the input voltage of digital proportion valve. System simulation and experimental results prove that the algorithm can accurately control the motions of the finger.

Research on the Material Removal Mechanism of Dual-lapping Sapphire Substrate

Zhang Kehua,;Wen Donghui; Lu Congda;Yuan Julong,

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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Experimental researches on material removal mechanism were conducted,and the scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to scan the processed sapphire surface.The two-body and three-body coupled ductile & brittleness material removal was discovered,then the model of material removal was also set up,and the computation values were contrasted with the experimental ones.Experimental results show that there are ductile removal and brittleness removal simultaneously,and the model can analyze qualitatively the material removal ratio in dual-lapping of sapphire.

Dynamic Response Analysis for Non-smooth Gear Rattling System

Yang Jianjun, ;Deng Xiaozhong;Wei Bingyang; Fang Zongde

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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Due to the non-smooth characteristics in the gear rattling system,a method of local map was introduced.Based on Poincaré maps on impact plane,
a method to calculate the Lyapunov exponents of gear rattling system was constructed.
A numerical example of spur gear rattling system was given by the proposed method. Phase portraits and Lyapunov exponents were used to describe the dynamic response of the Non-smooth gear rattling system.With the increasing of exciting amplitude, the complete dynamic response was obtained. The bifurcation diagram and the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents in a large range of parameters were used to verify the method given herein.

Numerical Simulation onto the Preliminary Period of Friction Hydro Pillar Processing with Two Dimensional Axisymmetry

Chen Jiaqing;Jiao Xiangdong;Qiu Zongyi;Zhang Baosheng;Zhou Canfeng;Chen Zhonghai

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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Based on the finite element model of two dimensional axisymmetry and through applying the surface heat flow strength extrinsically, the thermal mechanically coupled analysis was executed to complete the numerical simulation of Friction Hydro Pillar Processing (FHPP) at its preliminary period. It is indicated that, the temperature on the contact surface of metal stud increases rapidly, and the material flow plastically under external load when the yield strength of material decreases to a certain value, and then begin to fill the predrilled hole. The applied external axial stress, the rotary speed, and the clearance between metal stud and predrilled hole all have influence on the filling and forming process to some different degree. The applied external axial stress has more influence than that of the rotary speed, while the influence of radial clearance is relatively small.

A Mechanical Model for Forming Process of Cone Bosses
Based on Superimposed Slip-line Field

Liu Dexue;Ren Huaihui;Qin Xiaoqiong;Li Xudong

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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By analyzing cone bosses’ forming mechanism in different bulk formations, the forming process of cone bosses was divided into two characteristic time-intervals based on modular design method, one being extrusion processing ,and the other being the process of the die corner overflowed by deformable body. Then mechanical models of the two characteristic time-intervals were integrated systematically based on slip-line field theory to construct a kind of superposed slip-line mechanical models. Moreover, the resultant mechanical model was used as the solution of deforming force and stress field in open-die forging with a cone boss. The model can enrich the characteristic element model library in metal bulk forming process, and at the same time realize the optimum design of local forming process by being applied systematically into the solution of deforming force and stress field in local forming process.

Feasibility Study on Single Wedge Cross Wedge Rolling 
of Semifinished Product of Automotive Middle Shaft 

Jia Zhen;Zhang Kangsheng;Hu Zhenghuan

2008, 19(23):  0-2776. 

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In view of product quality of cross wedge rolling semifinished product of automotive power-shift box middle shaft which has heavy sectional shrinkage, numerical simulation and experimental method were adopted to analyze single wedge rolling and second wedge rolling method. It is found out that contrast second wedge rolling, single wedge rolling will not make workpiece bend easily, and after rolling the workpiece has no neck shrinkage. Single wedge rolling can also get better internal quality. The study results show that it is feasible to manufacture the product with single wedge rolling method.

Inverse Method for Side Crash Deformation Based on Simulation


Gao Hui;Li Guangyao

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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It is important to the research of protection for dummy in side crash that the deformation history of the key vehicle parts which contact with dummy, but it is difficult to be measured. An inverse method of side crash deformation history by using simulation technique was presented. The computer program MADYMO (mathematical dynamic model) was employed to simulate the dynamic behavior during a side vehicle collision and assess injuries of passengers. The deformation history of the key vehicle parts in side crash was adjusted so that the assessment injuries match the measured one in the China new car assessment program(CNCAP) side crash test.

Research Progresses of Advanced Machining Technologies for Engineering Ceramics

Tian Xinli;Yang Junfei;Wu Zhiyuan;She Anying

2008, 19(23):  0-2781. 

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Based on the comprehensive summary of latest research achievements of laser and EDM technologies at home and abroad, the other advanced machining technologies were summarized briefly, such as ultrasonic wave, microwave, plasma arc and abrasive water-jet machining techniques and their compaund machining technologies, as well as ELID grinding technologies developed on the basis of traditional grinding technology. In the last, it was forecasted that the necessary direction of advanced technologies used for ceramics will be combinatorial machining technologies of two or more kinds of advanced technologies.

Research on Kinematics Simulation of Eddy Current Retarder of the Vehicle

Tian Jie;Gu Qingchang;Lou Yinting;Zhang Ning

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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This article established the simplified stress model of eddy current retarder by the dynamics equation of the eddy current retarder braking,and established the simulation model of eddy current retarder by simulink, the simulation results show the movement rules of the speed and acceleration in the process of auto decelerate.This method can provide an important test for the design and manufacture of the eddy current retarder,reducing the time and cost,and improving design level.

Review on Flexible Pneumatic Actuator and Its Application in Dexterous Hand

Zhang Libin;Bao Guanjun;Yang Qinghua;Gao Feng

2008, 19(23):  0-2897. 

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Current research statuses of several typical flexible pneumatic actuators were reviewed, such as McKibben PMA(pneumatic muscle actuator), 3-DOF FMA(flexible microactuator), pneumatic rotary soft actuator, flexible fluidic actuator and FPA(flexible pneumatic actuator). The five flexible pneumatic actuators were profoundly discussed and their virtues and disadvantages were pointed out. Several flexible pneumatic dexterous hands based on the flexible pneumatic actuators were described and their characteristics were summarized. Taking account of these flexible pneumatic dexterous hands, the key problems need to be resolved in this area were concluded.