Table of Content

25 April 2012, Volume 23 Issue 8

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#br# Research on Linear Electromagnetic Series-parallel Array Artificial Muscle Design

LI Jing, QIN Xian-Sheng, ZHANG Xue-Feng, WANG Zhan-Xi

2012, 23(8):  883-887. 

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Through analysis of skeletal muscle structure and function of the animal,a bio-inspired linear electromagnetic series-parallel array artificial muscle was proposed.The performances of different kinds of artificial muscle were compared.The electromagnetic field of artificial sarcomere actuator was simulated based on finite element analysis.A model machine was made and tested at different loads and the different control strategies.The experiments show that the linear electromagnetic series-parallel array artificial muscle has good characteristics,such as high response speed,small volume,light quality,high power density ect. The linear electromagnetic series-parallel array artificial muscle has good engineering application prospects.

Motion Error Sensitivity Analysis of  Planar Optical Waveguide Precise Aligning Stage

TANG Hao, DUAN Ji-An, ZHENG Yu, CHU Meng-Feng

2012, 23(8):  888-892,896. 

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In aligning process of a fiber array and waveguide chip,the motion accuracy of multi-DOF precise motion stage impacts the coupling efficiency directly.
Adopting multi-body dynamics theory,each error source of the motion stage was
 analyzed,the error model of multi DOF precise motion stage was built,and the Sobol
method which was based on variance was used to develop sensitivity analysis,
and the impaction degree of each error parameters at each direction was derived.
The experimental results reflect that the modeling method and sensitivity analysis
method are available,which means the method is applicability.The sensitivity analysis can provide data for motion precision control,error compensation analysis and system optimization.

Study on New Technology of Electroforming with Flexible Friction

ZHANG Yong, SHU Ceng-Wei, SHU Di

2012, 23(8):  893-896. 

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A novel electroforming technique with flexible squeeze of brush
 was proposed.During the electroforming process,the quality of deposits was improved by
squeeze and rob of the flexible brush.The morphology of the deposits was studied,
and the values of microhardness were also measured.The results show that,
the rub with flexible brush can remove the adhered bubbles effectively and eliminate the
surface nodules,and improve the surface quality of the deposits.Comparing with the
deposits prepared by traditional methods,SEM results show that the one prepared by
the novel technology is substantially refined with grain size,and XRD results show that
every diffraction peak's intensity of the deposit is reduced.The microhardness increases evidently from 180HV to about 400HV.

Distribution of Two-dimension Matrix's Thermal Design Based on MCM

HE Qian-Hong, YANG Beng, WEI Wei

2012, 23(8):  897-900. 

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Based on the matrix arrangement of  the main power devices on the substrate the paper proposed an idea——MD method.MD method described a basic approach which was established through finite element simulation and was similar to the distribution matrix of MCM chipset.Using Icepak thermal design
software,the shape and the size of the matrix-distribution and the distribution of the chip position in the matrix were further simulated.Finally,the paper
 comes to the conclusion of the matrix-distribution, which is suitable for ventilated heat modalities and rule-substrates,then provides an appropriate
application scope of MD method.

Relations between Novel PMB's Minimal Speed for Suspension and Its Inertia

HU Zi-Hao, JIAN Kun-Chi, WANG Hao

2012, 23(8):  900-905. 

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To analyze the relations between the minimal speed of permanent maglev rotator with its rotating inertia,one novel permanent maglev turbine model was designed:one stator and three rotors which had the same size but different rotational inertias.The three rotors' rotational inertias were measured,
and four Hall sensors distributed evenly at the turbine's stator were used to
measure the rotor's eccentricity.The results demonstrate that the rotors of the permanent maglev turbine can maintain stable suspension by gyroscopic effect when the
speed is higher than a critical point.And the minimal speed for suspension has a negative correlation with the rotor's rotational inertia,namely,the bigger the inertia of the
rotor,the smaller the required speed for suspension.

Friction Power Loss Analysis of Hydrodynamic Bearing Rotor System Allowing for Roundness Errors

CENG Hai-Jing, XU Wu-Ban, WEI Yuan, ZHANG Hong-Xian, HU Jun-Jun

2012, 23(8):  906-909. 

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A dynamics model of hydrodynamic bearing rotor system with
roundness errors was established,and the finite difference method was utilized to solve
Reynolds equation to obtain oil-film pressure and oil-film load carrying capacity.
The calculation method of axis orbit of hydrodynamic bearing rotor system where
the roundness errors were taken into consideration and the judgment of instability onset
speed were presented.The dimensionless operation parameter op was
calculated to obtain the stability maps which were widely accepted.The system
stability maps of some different extents of roundness errors and friction power loss curve were
presented.The results show that the ellipse errors have significant effect on the power
loss of friction.The friction power loss of the system becomes lower when the
eccentricity is within the range of 0.5 to  0.7.

Dynamics Analysis of a Four-DOF Parallel Mechanism Including Driver Friction

JI Ye, LIU Hong-Zhao, YUAN Da-Ning

2012, 23(8):  910-914,946. 

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The primary goal of this research is to do dynamics analysis of a spatial parallel manipulator of four DOF under condition where the friction of
the driver was considered.A complete description of the position and orientation of the moving platform with respect to the reference frame requires four variables.Firstly,
closed form solutions to the input and output were built based on movement
characteristics,and then dynamics equations were built based on Newton-Euler formulation.Then based on three different friction model and cubic polynomial being used for motion planning, for a given motion,the constraining straining forces of each pair and driving
forces of each limp were deduced.The results demonstrate that the friction has obvious
influence on the driving forces.The calculation results show the friction's
impact on driving forces and constraining forces.

Research on Compensation of Dynamic Non-synchronous Errors of Dual-drive System in Gantry-type Machine Tools

CHENG Yao-1, DIAO Mo-Hua-1, LI Yu-Xia-1, YANG Qing-Yu-2

2012, 23(8):  915-919. 

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In order to solve the problem of dynamic non-synchronous widely existing in dual drive machine tools,the non-synchronous errors were measured and a compensation controller
was designed.First, a kind of S accelerate/decelerate curve was deduced,the dynamic
non-synchronous errors were detected using linear scale.Second,PID compensation
controller was designed to compensate the non-synchronous errors and the parameters of PID controller were obtained by means of Z-N method.Finally,some experiments were carried out on DK-1200 gantry-type machine tools with travelling bridge.The results show that PID controller has a satisfactory performance.

Research on Measuring and Correcting Method for Camshaft Eccentricity

KONG Meng-1, DING Li-Hua-1, 2, DIAO Jun-1, ZHOU An-Cai-2

2012, 23(8):  919-922. 

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A practical harmonic analysis technology and
its application in the correction of main journal eccentricity of camshaft ends was
proposed,a calculation model of camshaft eccentric distance and eccentric angle
was established based on the main journal eccentricity of camshaft ends and the algorithm was analyzed,which would reduce system errors caused by the disunity between measurement datum and design datum of camshaft,and the deflection of the camshaft itself
and avoid interpolation errors of traditional eccentricity correction algorithm.
Experimental platform for measuring camshaft was built,measured data was corrected according to the proposed eccentricity correction
algorithm.Experimental results demonstrate the proposed algorithm can correct
eccentricity of main journal eccentricity of camshaft ends and camshaft itself effectively,
the accuracy of instrument is improved.

#br# Auto Dimming Method of LED Operation Shadowless Lamp Based on Image Tracking

GENG Li-Dong-1, JIAN Zhi-Tu-1, JIAN Lou-2, YAN Wei-1, GAO Hui-1, WANG Huan-1

2012, 23(8):  923-927. 

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A kind of new method was put forward,which can automatic real-time adjust the lighting of operating lamp.The method was based on real-time image tracking.The shadow area was determined by color image segmentation technology,and the shadow region and location of lighting LED arrays were required to map,then the numbers and illuminance values of LED which needed to be adjusted were issued on the LED dimming controller.The duty ratio of PWM was controlled by circuit of MCU,and drive current of LED
was changed,so the purpose of real-time dynamic shadows elimination was achieved.

Hierarchical Sliding Mode Control of Parallel Mechanisms in Drive Singular Positions

LIU Yan-Bin, GUO Zhi-Jia, HAN Jian-Hai

2012, 23(8):  928-934. 

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In order to enhance singularity robust stability,accuracy of motion control and reduce control energy,motion control of parallel mechanisms in the presence of drive singularities was researched.A three-revolute-prismatic-revolute(3-RPR) planar parallel mechanism was taken as an example,by means of screw theory and multi-body system dynamics theory,its kinematics were analyzed,its dynamics model was set up,and then motion controller was designed respectively using an improved hierarchical sliding mode control method and a pseudo-inverse based sliding mode control method.Finally,stabilizing control simulation for a two different typical singular points within its workspace was carried out with the arbitrarily given initial points.The simulation results show that anyone of the two control methods can achieve very high control precision and very quick respond,but the quantity of the drive inputs and control energy of the former is more little,the research results provide a new way for the solution to drive singularity problems of motion control of parallel mechanisms in their practical applications.

#br# Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Mixed-model Hybrid-shop Scheduling Problem

LI Xiu-Lin, LU Jian-Sha, CHAI Guo-Zhong, SHANG Hong-Chao, JIANG Ling-Ling

2012, 23(8):  935-940. 

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The paper focused on solving a kind of coordinated scheduling problem for mixed-model hybrid-shop,which composed of job-shop,flow-shop and has the characteristics of mixed-model.First,the model of hybrid shop scheduling problem was presented based on the cost of work piece in process.Then,a hybrid algorithm with genetic algorithm and SA algorithm was proposed to solve the model.In the hybrid algorithm,a three-stage encoding was put to make coordinated code for production sequences of parts,components and final products.And a dynamic temperature parameter was introduced to SA to balance the algorithm's efficiency.And finally,an example from freezer production was given to test the model and algorithms presented herein.And the testing results prove the method is effective and excellent. 

Research on Robustness of Complex Supply Chain Networks Based on Network Quality Control

XU Xin-1, 2, LI Ren-Wang-1, TUN Xin-Li-1, LIU Hai-Xia-1

2012, 23(8):  941-946. 

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A new method for the management of a network structure was proposed based on the network quality control. The topology of supply chain network was constructed.Combining with the scale-free network model,the hub and the robustness of the supply chain network were defined from perspective of network quality control.The dynamic robustness and vulnerability were revealed during the growth of the supply chain network.The research focused on robustness enhancement method of complex supply chain networks.The auto parts enterprises supply chain network in Zhejiang Province was presented to verify the effectiveness of the method.

#br# Sheet Metal Assembly Deviation Analysis Based on Latin Hypercube Sampling 

DENG Gan-Wang, WEN Wen

2012, 23(8):  947-951. 

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A method based on Latin hypercube sampling was proposed and contact interaction was taken into account in this method.A case study was presented to show the practicability of the method.The results calculated by two different ways were compared by creating the response surface of parts variation.The results indicate that Latin hypercube sampling is more efficient than that by direct Monte Carlo sampling.

#br# Research on End Effect of LMD Based Time-frequency Analysis in Rotating Machinery  Fault Diagnosis

LIN Da-Qian-1, 2, YANG Shi-Ti-1, TUN Zhao-Tong-1, YAN Gong-Biao-1

2012, 23(8):  951-956. 

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An index was developed based on energy for evaluating the end effect of LMD.The end effects of LMD and EMD(empirical mode decomposition) were compared.Because the envelop definition was different,in LMD the undefined envelop near border was shorter than that in EMD.LMD end effect is not as seriously as EMD.A mirror extension method was developed to reduce the end effect.The simulation results are quite good.LMD is applied in cracked rotor diagnosis,and the experimental results are also quite good.

Identification of Bolt Connected Structure Modals Based on FEM

AI Yan-Ting, DI Hua, JIAO Yong-Li

2012, 23(8):  957-960. 

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For its enormous time consumption,the method to simulate preloads of bolt connected structures using preload elements in FEM software is not suitable for engineering calculation of large structures.Based on the platform of  FEM software MSC./Patran,simulating bolt connected structure with cell elements,a finite element model of a typical “L” shape bolt connected structure was built by using cell element method and multiple point constrain technique,and the modal analysis of the structure was carried out.The modal analysis results were compared with the results regarding the bolt connected structure as a whole body and with the results of experimental modal analysis.It's shown that the above method takes a relative short time to calculate modal results,however the calculated results are in agreement with the experiments.This paper provides an accurate and reliable FEM to calculate bolt connected structure with preloads on it,and it has reference value for finite element modeling and vibration modal analysis for complex bolt connected structures with preloads in engineering.

CAE Oriented Error Evaluation and Information Reuse of Simplified Models

TANG Jian-Guo, CAO Wei-Juan, GAO Shu-Meng

2012, 23(8):  961-967. 

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A method of error evaluation and information reuse in the analysis of simplified models was proposed.After evaluating the impacts of suppressed features on initial simplified models,the impacts were utilized to guide model simplification,and the analysis information was reused through partial matrix refactorization to accelerate the analysis process of the final simplified models.It is a computationally non-intensive method and can be used to improve the analysis accuracy and efficiency for the final simplified models. It can be applied to the linear static analysis of elastic structures.

Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Probe-based Nanoscratching on Crystalline Copper

ZHANG Dun-Jie, SUN Chao, YAN Yong-Da, LIANG Ying-Chun, DONG Shen

2012, 23(8):  967-971. 

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This paper investigated MD modeling of probe-based nanoscratching on crystalline copper from following three aspects:choosing optimized parameters from fundamental principle of MD simulation;construction of atomic structures of crystalline copper(single crystal,bi-crystal,and nanocrystalline) based on crystal structure,coincidence site lattice,and Voronoi diagram;analysis of defect structure by advanced defect analysis technique.It indicates that the MD modeling presented can enhance the MD simulation of probe-based nanoscratching on crystalline copper significantly.

#br# Effects of Turbulence on Drag Force of Abrasive Particles in Abrasive Water Jetting 

WANG Meng-Bei, WANG Rui-He

2012, 23(8):  972-974. 

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The flow over a stationary spherical abrasive particle was studied numerically to analyze the effects of turbulent parameters(turbulence intensity and turbulent viscosity ratio) on the drag force of an abrasive particle.Several turbulence models were verified by using the models to analyze the submerged
impinging jet.The Reynolds stress model was chosen to simulate the turbulent flow over the abrasive particle.The turbulence intensity varied from 5% to 70% and the turbulent viscosity ratio varied from 1 to 1200.Conclusions can be drawn from the simulation that with the increase of turbulence intensity,
the drag force on the abrasive particle increases and with the increase of turbulent viscosity ratio the drag force on the abrasive particle also increases.

#br# A Customer Needs Importance Rating Method Based on Fuzzy Kano Model

BAI Chao, LI Zhong-Kai

2012, 23(8):  975-980. 

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Aiming at the problems of lacking classification capability in customer needs rating calculation,a customer needs classification and importance rating method based on fuzzy Kano model was proposed.The customer survey data were counted and analyzed with the fuzzy Kano model the customer needs were divided into three types such as must-be,one-dimensional and attractive.At the same time,
the adjustment functions of customer needs importance were introduced,the customer needs category could be combined with the related importance calculation to guide enterprises getting the maximum customer satisfaction with the minimum cost input.The effectiveness of the proposed method was illustrated by the customer satisfaction evaluation of an enterprise's combine harvesters.

Defermination for Priority Ratings of Customer Requirements Based on Group Multi-granularity Linguistic Information in  Product Planning

WANG Ceng-Jiang, LI Yan-Lai, BO Yun

2012, 23(8):  980-986. 

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For information in building house of quality is fuzzy and uncertain,a group multi-granularity linguistic information-based approach of determining the customer requirements was proposed.Firstly,each estimator gave assessment information of customer requirements,and then through the consistency conversion and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,basic priority of customer requirements was obtained.Secondly,customers' competition priority was calculated according to evaluation competitiveness of each customer requirements,and finally,through synthesize basic priority and competition priority of each customer requirements,the composite priority was determined.A case was given to demonstrate the feasibility and availability of the proposed approach.

#br# Nonlinear Dynamic Decoupling Control for Bearingless Induction Motor

WANG Zheng-Ji, LIU Xian-Xin, SUN Yu-Xin

2012, 23(8):  987-991. 

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Because a bearingless induction motor is of multi-variable,nonlinear and high coupling,a nonlinear dynamic decoupling control approach based on SVM α-th order inverse system method was proposed.The inverse system of the bearingless induction motor was identified by the SVM regression method.By cascading the inverse system with the bearingless induction motor,the nonlinear system was transformed into a pseudo-linear system.Finally,linear control system techniques were applied to these linear subsystems to complete synthesis,simulation and experiment.The study shows that this kind of control strategy can realize dynamic decoupling control among torque and suspension forces of the bearingless induction motor,and that the control system has good dynamic and static performance.

#br# Tooth Contact Analysis of Face-gear Based on Pioin Grinding Modification

LI Da-Qiang-1, 2, DENG Xiao-Zhong-1, 2, WEI Bing-Yang-2, LI Ju-Bei-1

2012, 23(8):  992-996. 

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A grinding method of spur face-gear drive with dish wheel was presented.Based on the generation process of face-gear grinding,a mathematical model for gear grinding with dish wheel was established and the expressions of tooth face equations of face-gear drive were provided,
respectively.From the numerical examples,it is proved that the position and orientation of the contact path of tooth face can be improved by changing the machine tool settings and modification parameters of the pinion,which will reduce sensitivity of the gear drive to misalignments.At same time,the predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors can be obtained,which will reduce noise and vibrations of the face-gear drive efficiently. 

Shift Force Analysis of Manual Transmission Based on Virtual Prototyping Technology

CHEN Yu-Xiang-1, CANG Meng-Tan-1, CHEN Yong-２, HU Zhi-Hua-２

2012, 23(8):  996-1000. 

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After establishing an integrated dynamics model of synchronizer,the dynamics models of shifting process for manual transmission were built by using Pro/E and ADAMS.The relationship between the shift
force and the shift travel was established by simulating each shifting process in ADAMS.The problem whether the shift feeling was diminished by hand shifting can be found by analyzing the shift forces.The results provide reference for manual transmission design.The experimental results agree well with the model,which shows that this dynamics simulation study of manual transmission is valid.

Analysis of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction on Automobile by Using Bionic Non-smooth Surface

CHEN Ge, WANG Yun, CAO Kai-Yuan, SONG Xiao-Wen

2012, 23(8):  1001-1006. 

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This paper applied non-smooth surface to automobile,and used CFD to research the feasibility of aerodynamic drag reduction on automobile by using bionic non-smooth automobile surface.Furthermore,an orthogonal experiment was designed.By calculating the aerodynamic drag coefficient of automobile,the performances of aerodynamic drag reduction on different bionic non-smooth automobile surface were compared,and the most reasonable bionic non-smooth automobile surface structure was obtained,that is able to reduce aerodynamic drag.