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Table of Content

    25 September 2009, Volume 20 Issue 18
    A New Wheel-legged Locomotive System Composed of Bionic Joints
    Zhang Lijie;Pan Cunyun;Li Mingyu;Li Ting
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    A new wheel-legged locomotive system was put forward.An attribute of this mechanism, from the mechanism view point,lay in the fusion in function and in structure, just using a set of mechanisms. Unlike previous locomotive system, the actuators in this system were fixed on the base. The change of the actuator positions reduced the payload of the system and simplified the wire routing. Afterwards, the working characteristics were analyzed in legged mode and wheeled mode. Furthermore, the kinematic model was deduced step by step, from the single legged/wheeled mode to the wheel-legged mode. Especially, the interaction between the two modes was pointed out.An example was given to testify the kinematic equations. Results from the theoretical computation and the virtual prototyping simulation indicate the equations accord with the actual working state of the system. Finally, a moving platform is assembled as a mechanical-only pose realizing test model. It is clear that the system proposed herein works well in legged/wheeled or wheel-legged mode.

    Application on Whole Combination Measuring
    Method in the Datum Measurement of End-tooth Plate
    Ling Siying;Wang Liding,;Ma Yong; Wang Xiaodong,;Liu Bing
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    In order to improve the measuring accuracy,the whole combination measuring method in precision angle measurement was applied to the datum measurement in end-tooth. The measuring platform was built and the measuring steps and data processing method were given. The maximum deviation of parallelism which is between outer face of end-tooth and their engaging plane reduces from 4μm to 0.29μm by measuring and grinding repeatedly, which improves the accuracy of mounting datum
    surface, and pave the way to machine precision gear with pitch deviations up to class 1(ISO 1328-1∶1995).This measuring method can also be extended to ending beat of all the precision revolving parts to achieve the effect of precision measurement and error separation.

    Hydraulic Power Systems for Trunk Line Aircrafts
    Yang Huayong;Ding Fei;Ouyang Xiaoping; Lu Qing
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    The background of developing large commercial aircraft was given.The hydraulic power systems of popular and new type commercial aircrafts from Airbus and Boeing Company were introduced. The future trends of hydraulic system for civil aircraft were outlined, namely high pressure, distributed system,DPHM(diagnostics,prognostics and health management),boostrap reservoir and intelligent pumping source system. The hydraulic power systems of A320
    and B737 were compared and the two proposals of hydraulic power system for China commercial aircraft were brought forward. The key techniques of developing commercial
    crafts, namely high reliability, pressure pulsation control, temperature control and contamination control were indicated.

    An Electrostatically-driven Capacitively-sensed Frame 
    Microgyroscope Fabricated with an Improved Process Flow
    Zheng Xudong;Hu Shichang;Zhang Xia;Jin Zhonghe;Wang Yuelin
    2009, 20(18):  0-2267. 
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    This paper presented a new bulk micromachined frame gyroscope with decoupled driving and sensing modes and the improvement of its process flow.
    The outer frame was driven into primary oscillation by electrostatic force, while the inner proof mass senses rate signal by varying overlapped area of electrodes, which eliminated
    the nonlinear instinct by varying gap. Damping factors for both driving and sensing
    modes were low, because the driving motion and sensing motion both moved in-plane. This also resulted in high quality factors at atmosphere. A large proof mass can be made by DRIE, which also ensured that large dimensions of spring beams were made to lower coupling and increased pull-in voltage. Damages to gyroscope devices caused by the footing effect during deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) were reduced by the improved process flow, which also increased the proof mass by 50%. Driving and sensing characteristics of a prototype have been tested and functional behavior of the gyroscope has been tested as well and the results are given.

    Study on Assembly Strategy of Flexible Peg in Hole 
    Xia Yanchun;Bai Yuewei;Cai Chilan
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    The deformation field and geometrical,kinetic and dynamic constraint conditions of a general peg was analyzed herein.For simplification analysis,the elastic long peg can be considered as a girder. Based on the hypothesis of the material,mechanism and deformation geometric characteristics of the peg,taking the peg-in-hole operation as an example the assembly strategies were analyzed and validated.

    Design of Roundness Automatic Measuring System for Bearing Hole of
    Diesel Engine
    Liu Yongping;Gong Jun
    2009, 20(18):  0-2267. 
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    Aimed at the geometrical error measurement for diameter and roundness of engine crankshaft hole, adopting radius measuring method and computer aided testing technology, a new roundness automatic measuring system was proposed, which included the hardware and software design
    on computer control system, and mechanical structure of measurement system. The precision and efficiency of new measurement system are high,and anti-disturbing property is better. Moreover, the characteristics of new measurement system are that the measuring section and measuring point of crankshaft hole can be regulated at will in measuring process, and the measuring results can display with numeral and graphics format.The hole roundness measurement system has important theoretical and practical significance for improving hole measurement efficiency and quality.

    Measurement of Gear Based on Particle Filter
    Li Wei;Yao Hongge;Zhang Xinyun
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    This paper presented a particle filtering algorithm for measurement of gears. First, a sampling method based on nucleus probability function was proposed to avoid sampling or characteristics of samples deficiently. For scaling nicety of samples each sample was weighted,so as to take distribution of measured parameters, which
    can be obtained from the distribution. The proposed method is not restricted to any contribution. It can effectively deal with non-linear, non-placidity and non-Gaussian problem.
    Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and robust for measurement of gears, and can be applied to various gears with different sizes and shapes.

    System Test Modeling and Analysis under Imperfect Detection
    Su Yongding;Liu Guanjun;Qiu Jing;Xu Yuguo 
    2009, 20(18):  0-2267. 
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    The traditional perfect-detection maintenance process models
    are unsuitable to analyze complex system performance, because the faults
    can’t be detected and isolated perfectly in complex systems. A system testing process Markov model under the imperfect detection was developed for the deteriorating system.Based on Markov state differential equation and steady-state balance theory, an analytic algorithm was presented to calculate steady-state availability.A MTTFF and a MMC model were proposed. Influence of inspection rate, fault detection rate and fault alarm rate on
    the system steady-state availability,MTTFF and MMC was illustrated. The model can be used to determine testabiltiy index as a theoretical foundation.

    Research and Realization of a Computer-aided Inspection Planning System Based on 3D CAD and CMM
    Liu Daxin;Dong Yude;Zhao Han;Wang Wanlong
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    Each key technique of a computer-aided inspection planning system based on 3D CAD and CMM was analyzed,and the related algorithms and principles for realization and the ways for solution were proposed,focusing on solving the related issues of sampling and path planning.The relevant factors determining the number and locations of sampled points were introduced in the sampling planning,and a step adaptive-subdivision sampling method based on regular sampling was proposed.Path planning firstly generated the initial paths by inspection sequence planning with the method in which the measurement points were sorted by the sums of weighted parameters of each point;and then modified the paths with collision detection and collision avoidance so as to generate collision-free inspection paths.Based on Microsoft VC++,a CAIP system was developed.The feasibility of the related algorithms was verified by computer implementations,and the results show that the system can accomplish the automatic inspection of common parts efficiently and intelligently.

    Simulation and Analysis of Thermal Errors of a Turning Center
    Man Jingyu;Zhao Haitao;Yang Jianguo
    2009, 20(18):  0-2267. 
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    This paper aims at studying the thermal deformation
    characteristics of a CNC turning center spindle box and further the change rule of the
    thermal error components which serves as the strong support for the final control or compensation for the thermal errors.At first,the transient temperature fields and the transient thermal deformation of the turning center spindle box were simulated and the thermal transfer behavior and thermal deformation characteristics of the spindle box were analyzed.
    Secondly,a computation method of two main thermal errors components and the change rule of radial thermal error with the cutting tool’s position were provided.Finally,experiments on spindle box thermal deformation were conducted to evaluate the simulation and analysis results.

    Multi-objective Dynamic Scheduling Optimization Strategy Based on Rolling-horizon Procedure
    Zhang Chaoyong;Li Xinyu;Wang Xiaojuan;Liu Qiong;Gao Liang 
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    An improved multi-objective genetic algorithm based on rolling-horizon procedure was proposed. In this procedure, periodic and event driven rescheduling strategies were employed and the dynamic scheduling problem was decomposed into a series of continual and static scheduling problems,then an improve multi-objective genetic algorithm were applied to optimize each of the static scheduling problems. According to the characteristics of the dynamic scheduling problem,the efficient decoding procedure and genetic operators were presented for the improved multi-objective genetic algorithm, and the objectives of rescheduling were to minimize the makespan, total tardiness, the mean flow-time, deviations from the pre-schedule. In order to adapt to the complex manufacturing environment and sustain the stability of production, a human-computer collaborative scheduling procedure was presented for the implementation of the scheduling process. The approach was tested on the improved benchmark instance by the scheduling prototype system developed, and the simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.

    Experimental Study on Efficiency of Wind Wheel in Mini-VAWT
    Zhang Luoming;Wang Qiaohong;Zhang Nan;Zhang Xiangwei
    2009, 20(18):  0-2267. 
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    To improve the efficiency of the wind wheel,the factors including
    the curvature,number and the setting angle of the blades which influenced the efficiency of the wind wheel were studied. It is proved that the theoretical analysis is reasonable. Based on the analysis, we draw a clear conclusion that the efficiency of the wind wheel will be higher when the blade is bent with the number of 12 and the setting angle is 30,which lays a good foundation for the further research.

    Modeling and Ant Colony Algorithm Implementation of Multi-order Oriented Job-shop Scheduling Problem
    Li Yan;Liu Yong;Li Shujuan;Yang Mingshun
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    With the aim of implementing JIT production strategy,
    this research studied the JSP of batch production enterprise under the circumstance of satisfying multi-order production, established an integer programming model that
    optimized the job scheduling based on the earliness and tardiness penalties of the JSP. This integer programming model mainly took into account the constraints of production assemble and order delivery time so as to reduce the cost increased by inventory management of work in process and eventually obtain the global optimal feasible solution. Finally, this research designed an an ant colony algorithm with elitist strategy to solve the mathematical model, provided an instance emulation mode to illustrate the correctness of the model and the feasibility and validity of the algorithm. 

    Optimization Operation Sequence in CAPP Using an Ant Colony Algorithm Based on Constraint Matrix
    Jiang Cunxue;Cai Ligang;Hu Yujin 
    2009, 20(18):  0-2267. 
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    A method was proposed for optimization operation sequence based
    on constraint matrix and ant colony algorithm for the global process optimization problem of complex components.The constraint matrix included two parts, object constraint matrix and cost constraint matrix, according to ours rules, we united the two matrixes to one matrix.With the constraint of this matrix,operation sequence was optimized by using an ant colony algorithm,thus a right optimized operations sequence was obtained quickly.The
    result shows that this method has good practical effectiveness.

    A Synchronism Phase-shifting Interferometry for On-line Precision Surface Measurement
    Liu Xiaojun;Wang Yimin
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    Based on Twyman-Green laser wave interference principle and
    polarized phase shifting technology,synchronism phase-shifting interference technology was put forward,and a synchronism phase-shifting interferometry with excellent anti-vibraion characterisics was investigated,so that on-line precision surface measurement and quality monitoring problem can be solved.The synchronism phase-shifting interference principle for surface measurement was introduced,its anti-vibration characteristics was
    analyzed,an experimental system was setup,and testing experiences were conducted. Analysis and experimental testing results show that the synchronism phase-shifting wave interferometry is suitable for on-line precision surface measurement.

    A CAD Model Directing Method for Turbine Blade Density Measurement Data Segmentation
    Cheng Yunyong;Zhang Dinghua;Zhang Shunli;Bu Kun
    2009, 20(18):  0-2259. 
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    Density measurement data of turbine blade could be obtained based on advanced digital measurement devices, such as ATOS(advanced topometric
    sensor) and cone beam industrial CT. In order to do the geometric shape analysis for each feature of the turbine blade effectively, the density measurement data of the turbine blade with complex topological structures should be segmented into relatively simple sub datasets according to blade structure. As the existing methods for data segmentation were still unable to get the required results reliably and automatically, a CAD model directing method for turbine blade density measurement data segmentation was presented.
    Combining the edge based data segmentation method, a line frame representation of the turbine blade CAD model was adopted as the pre-knowledge for directing the data segmentation process. The discussed method was verified by blade simulation data and real measurement data.

    Error Synthesis of 6—SPS Parallel Manipulator 
    Zhao Xinhua;Li Bin
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    This paper was illustrated by Stewart platform to show a novel method for error synthesis of parallel manipulator.According to the structural constraint conditions,analytic functions between input errors and output errors were founded in the sensitive directions of errors, based on the instantaneous motion of the mechanism, the influence coefficient of errors were acquired. Then, the mechanism error synthesis was implemented.The example proves that the output errors can be larger under the conditions
    of even small input errors.

    Minimum Chip Thickness in Orthogonal Micro-cutting Based on Plasticity Strain
    Gradient Theory
    Wu Jihua;Shi Zhenyu 
    2009, 20(18):  0-2259. 
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    In micro-cutting,a chip will not be generated if the uncut chip thickness is less than a critical value,viz,the minimum chip thickness.This paper developed a prediction model of minimum chip thickness based on chip formation mechanics.The orthogonal cutting experiments were carried out,chips were collected and chip thickness was measured.The exponent relationship between chip thickness and feed rate is obtained based on nonlinear regression of experimental data.The minimum chip thickness equals to the feed rate while the chip thickness is zero in orthogonal micro-cutting operations. Experiments demonstrate that the result is reasonable and the minimum chip thickness increases as tool edge radius increases.

    Jiles-Atherton滞回模型;Kelvin-Voigt阻尼理论;非圆加工;耦合磁弹性
    O482.526
    Coupled Magneto-elastic Model of a Giant Magnetostrictive Transducer for Non-circular Cutting 
    Sun Huagang,;Yuan Huiqun;Feng Guangbin;Cao Dengqing
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    Keeping work temperature,considering the relation of power,magnetic and mechanical components of the giant magnetostrictive turning system,according to the Jiles-Atherton nonlinear hysteretic model,using the linearization approximate relation between magnetic field and magnetization strength,with the Kelvin-Voigt damping theory and simplified model of cutting force,the coupled magneto-elastic model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer for non-circular cutting was presented.Through analysis on frequency-response relations of the transducer system,the results indicate that the relationship between incentive magnetic field and the output displacement of the system has the same distribution trends of experimental result of the transducer performance.

    Analysis for Dynamic Characteristics of the 
    Sucker-rod Pumping System Based on LuGre Friction Model
    Liu Baixi ;Liu Hongzhao
    2009, 20(18):  0-2259. 
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    Based on the LuGre friction model, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a sucker-rod pumping system of directional well were simulated.Firstly, the LuGre
    friction model was introduced, and the values of its six model parameters,which satisfied the engineering’s needs, were obtained according to handbook and computation.Then, the vibration of the rod of sucker-rod pumping system was regarded as an axial vibration of multi-segment flexible rod.The load analysis of rod element was accomplished by means of the finite element method,and recurrence formulas of load and elastic deformation
    were derived through the finite difference method.The boundary and initial conditions of the load and deformation were evaluated.In the end, a numerical example was given,where a comparison between the elastic deformation of pumping piston obtained based on LuGre friction model and that obtained based on classical Coulomb friction model was made to show that the LuGre friction model describes the friction of sucker-rod pumping system better.

    Dual-tree Complex Wavelet Analysis and Its Application in 
    Defect Detection of Workpiece for Cross Wedge Rolling
    Chen Zhixin;Shu Xuedao;Hu Zhenghuan
    2009, 20(18):  0-2148. 
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    Aiming to miss-detection of internal tiny flaw of workpiece for
    cross wedge rolling,a new ultrasonic signal testing method was proposed based on
    DT-CWT.By constructing new dual-tree complex wavelet bases, and by taking advantage of near shift-invariance of DT-CWT, it can improve common wavelet analysis methods for ultrasonic signal testing based on real orthogonal discrete wavelet transform. Experiments indicate that the method can extract weak defect feature and its results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

    Research on Turbulated Cooling Hole Machining by ECM Based on FEM
    Wang Minghuan;Zhu Di;Peng Wei
    2009, 20(18):  0-2259. 
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    This study focused on the fabrication of turbulated cooling hole on the basis of electrochemical machining. FEM was used to simulate the forming of
    turbulators due to hard measuring and controlling of
    dimensions in ECM.A FEM model was developed to simulate
    the shape changing of the internal cooling duct based on APDL and the dimension of turbulators could be obtained in real time.Finally,the experimentation was carried on according to the simulation results.Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results
    indicate the validation of this method. Furthermore, pre-trials are saved and the machining efficiency is increased.

    Study on Ball’s Contact Stress in High-load Ball Screw
    Li Lingfeng;Luo Rong
    2009, 20(18):  0-2151. 
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    Based on transformation between groove coordinate and screw
    coordinate, the load on ball of a ball screw mechanism was calculated.A ball screw mechanism utilized in electro-servo driven plastic injection molding machine was used for the numerical analysis.The ball’s FE-model was established,then the ball’s contact stress was analyzed by FEA.The effects of contact angle,number of balls, ball’s diameter were discussed in the numerical computation.The study provides an effective approach which decreases the ball’s contact stress and suppresses the ball’s abrasion by modifying relative parameters in ball screw mechanism. 

    Finite Element Simulation on Cold Forging Process of Back Gear
    Hu Chengliang;Zhao Zhen;Liu Quankun;Xu Xianglong;Shi Weibing
    2009, 20(18):  0-2259. 
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    The cold forging process of back gear was briefly introduced.The
    back gear is preformed by divided-flow method,and back taper of tooth is formed by final
    finishing. Elastic plastic-elastic 3D coupled model was created based on preforging scheme and the forging process of back gear was simulated by FEM,and the metal flow rules were discussed by investigating coordinate grid deformation results in physical experiments.According to the displacement field information the dimensional discrepancy
    caused by elastic deformation behavior was calculated.The calculate results are close to the measured values,and the profile of gear tooth after deformation has non-involute feature.Quantitative estimation of elastic deformation after preforging provides a reference for the process and die design of the final finishing.

    Research on Durability Test System for Continuously Variable Transmission
    Cai Yuanchun;Zhou Yunshan;Zhang Feitie; Gao Shuai
    2009, 20(18):  0-2151. 
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    Based on the CVT data of input torque,input speed and ratio
    were collected in the proving ground,the wavelet multiresolution was used to filter out the high frequency signals,which had little effect on the fatigue damage of CVT.Then the CVT ratio and input speed were send to the CVT controller and motor controller respectively and then
    the object data will be tracked.For repeating the input torque of CVT,the load motor will be controlled by torque mode and the predictiveadaptive control was adopted to eliminate the disturbance of the inertia torque of the test system.The grey
    correlation and TIC(Theil inequality coefficient) value show that the system
    is a effective test platform for the durability test of CVT.

    Analysis of Transverse Buckling for Thin Strip
    Chang Tiezhu;Zhang Qingdong;Huang Shiqing
    2009, 20(18):  0-2259. 
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    Based on Airy stress function and S.Timoshenko’s principle of least work,a new mechanical model of transverse buckling was
    established,and the stress field in strip prebuckling was obtained herein,the mathematic model of critical buckling stress was also achieved by Galerkin’s principle of virtual displacement,the path generation of post-buckling under uneven load was found with
    perturbation-variational solution,and the mode of post-buckling was in good accordance with the buckling mode of local stretching test.The results of above analysis play an
    important role in prediction of transverse buckling on strip processing line.

    Calibration and Optimization for Electronically Controlled Parameters 
    of Gasoline Engine Based on the RBF Neural Network
    Hou Xianjun;Gong Xuejun;Du Changqing;Yan Fuwu;Peng Fuming
    2009, 20(18):  0-2151. 
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    In oder to seek the better match of ECU(electronic control unit)
    and engine,the gasoline engine steady-state performance prediction model of RBF artificial neural network was build through the author’s analysis of the electronic control parameters of gasoline engine.Sampling data of LJ276M gasoline engine in calibration test bench was obtained,and then the electronic control parameters of other steady-state conditions point in use of the trained RBF artificial neural network were forecasted and the establishment of the neural network model performance was validated.The maximum network output error of fuel injection pulse width and ignition advance angle is less than 1%,with an average error of less than 0.6%.The result shows that it is feasible to predict the control parameters of gasoline in use of the RBF neural network.Besides, this model has very strong generalization ability to be able to predict the control parameters accurately.