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Table of Content

    10 October 2018, Volume 29 Issue 19
    Simulation and Experiments of Tension Changes of Steel Wire in Bending Wire Rope Strands
    LI Lun1,2;ZHAO Deyang1,2;LI Jishun1,2,3;XUE Yujun2;ZOU Shengyong3;MA Wei1,2;YANG Shaodong1,2
    2018, 29(19):  2269-2276. 
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    1+6 type wire rope was used as the research object, the finite element method was used to simulate and analyze. The laws of the each wire tension in the rope strands changing with the ratios of the wire rope-sheave contact arc lengths to the wire rope lay lengths were obtained, and the simulation results were verified by experiments. The results of simulation and experiments were analyzed by grey relational analysis, and the periodic laws of the tension changes of steel wires were expounded. The results show that the bending tension differences of steel wires in the rope strands are larger when the wire rope-sheave contact arc lengths are equal to an odd multiple of half of the wire rope lay lengths. When the wire rope-sheave contact arc lengths are equal to an even multiple of half of the wire rope lay lengths, the bending tension differences of steel wires in the rope strands are smaller.
    Study on Quantitative Evaluations and Dressing Effectiveness for Surface Topography of Grinding Wheels
    LIU Wei1,2;SHANG Yuanyuan1,2;DENG Zhaohui1,2;LIU Rentong1,2
    2018, 29(19):  2277-2283. 
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    Based on the grain protrusion areas of the grinding wheel surfaces, a concept of grain protrusion area ratio Sr was proposed. Then, two indexes, the degree of grain protrusion area βd and the degree of grain protrusion area dispersion δs were proposed to evaluate the surface topography of the grinding wheels. The dressing experiments of resin bonded diamond grinding wheels were carried out with a roller dresser, and the effects of different dressing methods, dressing depth and dressing speed ratio on the βd and δs were analyzed. The grinding experiments were carried out on the dressed grinding wheels, so as to analyze the influences of the grinding wheels with different characteristic parameters on the grinding forces and the surface roughness of the workpieces. The results show that with the smaller dressing depth, the multi-feed dressing processes and the smaller dressing ratio, then the degree of grain protrusion area is high, the degree of grain protrusion area dispersion is small, and the dressing effectiveness is good. When βd is of 69.35% and δs is as 1 000 μm2, the grinding forces and the surface roughness are the smallest, which means that the grinding performance of the grinding wheels is the best, and the dressing quality is proved to be the highest. Therefore, the proposed indexes βd and δs may effectively evaluate the surface topography of the dressed grinding wheels, and the detection method of the grain protrusion areas is simple and efficient.
    Estimation Algorithm Tire Lateral Forces by Yaw Moments
    ZHAO Linfeng1;YANG Jun1;ZHANG Rongyun2;CHEN Wuwei1
    2018, 29(19):  2284-2289,2297. 
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    A tire lateral force estimation algorithm was proposed based on yaw moments via the analysis of the nonlinear vehicle dynamic model . Three basic steps were used to estimate the tire lateral forces. Firstly, the yaw moments of lateral forces were estimated based on the disturbance observers. Then the sums of the lateral forces of the two front wheels and the two rear wheels were estimated by using the least squares method. Finally, an empirical method of proportional distribution for vertical loads was adopted to estimate each tire lateral forces. The tire lateral force estimation system was simulated based on the MATLAB/Simulink software. The results were compared with the ones of CarSim dynamics simulation software, and the hardware in-loop simulation platform was used to verify the tests. The results show that the proposed estimation algorithm may accurately estimate the tire lateral forces, the applications of complex tire models and the dependences on ground adhesion coefficient are avoided.
    Optimization of CMP Processing Parameters for YG8 Cemented Carbide Inserts Based on RSM
    YUAN Julong1,3,4;MAO Meijiao1,2;LI Min1,3,4;LIU Shun2;WU Feng2;HU Zihua2;QIN Changjiang2
    2018, 29(19):  2290-2297. 
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    In order to determine the optimum processing parameters of YG8 rake face polishing quickly and improve the polishing efficiency and precision, the optimization tests of YG8 cemented carbide inserts polishing processes were studied by using RSM. The factor levels of polishing rotational speeds, polishing pressures, abrasive particle sizes and abrasive concentrations were determined by single factor tests,and four processing parameters were tested by central composite design. The prediction models of material removal rate(MRR) RMR and surface roughness Ra were established. The processing parameters are optimized to obtain the optimum processing parameters when the polishing rotational speed is as 65.5 r/min, polishing pressure is as 156.7 kPa, abrasive particle size is as 1.1 μm and abrasive concentration is as 14% based on RSM. Meanwhile, the minimum surface roughness predicted value Ra=0.019 μm and the MRR RMR=56.6 nm/min are obtained. The test results show that the prediction models of MRR and surface roughness are accurate and effective based on RSM.
    Development of Environmental Perception Algorithm Test Evaluation Systems for Intelligent Vehicles
    WEI Hanbing1;CAO Xu1;LAI Feng2
    2018, 29(19):  2298-2305,2311. 
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    A detection and evaluation system of environment perception algorithm for intelligent vehicles was proposed on the basis of hardware-in-loop simulation platform and 6-DOF driving simulator. The real traffic scenario was implemented as the system inputs in order to take into account both the repeatability, scalability of virtual tests and the authenticity of road testing together.  Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing evaluation methods which relied on manual recognitions, a standard object detection algorithm based on machine learning and an evaluation algorithm based on data association were proposed. Consequently, the results of the system evaluation were compared with manual recognition ones. Experimental results show that the proposed evaluation system has strong reliability, high precision, and outstanding real-time performance. The accurate evaluation of lane and vehicle detection algorithm with different characteristics may be realized effectively under complicated road environments such as blur, occlusion and changing illumination. The test evaluation system may meet the requirements of intelligent vehicle environmental perception algorithm.
    Design and Research on Pendulum Power Generation Devices for UUVs
    FANG Zifan1,2,3;GE Xufu3;HE Kongde1,2,3;MA Zengwu3;FANG Jing2
    2018, 29(19):  2306-2311. 
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    To deal with the energy supply demands for marine UUVs, a small size pendulum power generation device was proposed. The devices were installed inside the UUVs, which were affected by waves, currents, tides and other factors, the vehicles swung to obtain the marine kinetic energies and converted them into stable electricity. The work principles,system structures and design schemes were described in detail, and the system electromechanical coupled dynamic simulation platform was established for simulation analysis,as well as the comparative verifications were performed by prototype tests.The results show that the design scheme is feasible, the power generation device may achieve stable power outputs, and the system effective power generation efficiency may reach to 24.40%.
    Reliability-based Design Optimization Considering Correlated Random Variables
    WANG Qianrong;JIANG Chao;FANG Teng
    2018, 29(19):  2312-2319,2326. 
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    When solving structural reliability-based design optimization problems with nonlinear correlation, current method for correlated variables might lead to inaccurate optimization results in some situations. Based on Copula function, this paper proposed a method to serve as an effective tool for structural reliability-based design optimization problems where nonlinear correlation existed. The proposed method estimated the parameters of alternative Copula functions according to known samples and selected the optimal Copula function by AIC criterion. Therefore, joint distribution function of variables was established to solve structural reliability-based design optimization problems. Finally, two numerical problems were used to demonstrate the validity of proposed method. Influences on optimization results caused by different Copula were also discussed.
    An Evaluation Method of Line Profile Errors Based on Least Condition Principle
    LU Xincheng1;HUANG Meifa1;TANG Zhemin1;ZHONG Yanru2
    2018, 29(19):  2320-2326. 
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    A measuring method of simulating actual measuring tool processes was proposed to evaluate the line profile errors. The method followed the least condition principle of shape tolerances in the national standard. The position relationship between the measuring points and the corresponding envelope boundary was analyzed, the set of measurement points was regarded as a rigid body. The relative motions were calculated between the rigid body and the boundary which might occur in the processes of the boundary shrinking to the minimum region, and finally all the measured points were located in the minimum containment region. The results show that evaluation processes are more global and directivity than  that of the large-scale search of common optimization algorithm, which may effectively avoid the local solutions of the search results caused by the algorithm defects. The proposed method is suitable for the error evaluation of line profiles.
    Study on Both-side Cylindrical Ultra-precision Lapping and Polishing Processes in Eccentric Rotations
    YAO Weifeng1;YUAN Julong2;JIANG Liang3;FENG Kaiping4;CHEN Feng 5
    2018, 29(19):  2327-2334. 
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    The theoretical and experimental studies were carried out on the both-side cylindrical lapping and polishing processes in eccentric rotations. The fundamental model of processing system was established based on the geometry and kinematics, and further the kinematics parameters of rolling cylindrical workpieces were obtained by the analysis of velocity vectors, next the processing trajectories on the cylindrical surface were simulated. Effects of two factors on the processing trajectories were analysed respectively, of which one factor is the ratio of distance from the center of the workpiece to the center of the fixture and the center of the fixture to the center of the grinding disc, and another factor is the ratio of clamp rotation speed and fixture revolution speed. Finally, the cylindrical rollers of bearing steel GCr15 were lapped and then polished on the self-manufactured device. The experimental results indicate that the rollers’ roundness, surface roughness and their errors are all improved. Through comparison and analysis, the simulation results may reveal and illustrate the geometric characteristics of interlaced micro cutting traces on the real cylindrical surface topography of workpieces.
    Optimization Design and System Development of Shearer Drums Based on NSGA-Ⅲ Algorithm
    MAO Jun1;WANG Xin1;CHEN Hongyue1,2;ZHANG Kun1;BAI Yangxi1
    2018, 29(19):  2335-2342. 
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    In order to improve the working performances and design efficiency of shearer drums,and considering the size constraint relation and performance index of shearer drums,this paper presented a the optimization model of the shearer drums where the loading efficiency, cutting energy consumption and load fluctuation were taken as the optimization goal,and the leaf thickness, leaf helix angle, number of teeth, number of teeth on the same line and teeth-installing angle as the optimization variables. Herein, NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm was used to optimize the model of the constrained multiple objective shearer drums. The optimization design system of shearer drums was developed by MATLAB. Taking the parameters of coal and  working conditions in the cutting experiments of some companies as the inputs, the optimum design scheme of the rollers was obtained through the optimization design system of the shearer drums.The optimization results show that the capacity of coal loading is increased by 12.7%, the energy consumption of cutting ratio is reduced by 8.0%, and the load fluctuation is reduced by 20%, compared with MG500/1130WD shearer drums. The shearer drum optimization design system combines CAD technology and IGES to form a complete 3D virtual model of shearer drums.
    Modeling of Thermal Deformation Predictions for Array Planes of APARs
    MIAO Enming;WEI Xinyuan;LIU Hui;PAN Qiaosheng
    2018, 29(19):  2342-2346. 
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    At present, most of the studies try to predict the thermal deformations of array planes of APARs based on software simulation method, but there was a certain deviation between the simulation results and the real situations. Therefore, the modeling theory of thermal deformation predictions for APARs was proposed. The thermal deformations and temperature changes of the array planes were obtained by experimental measurements. The temperature measurement points were optimized based on fuzzy clustering combined with grey correlation algorithm, the prediction models of thermal deformations in each direction were established. The experimental results show that the model has high prediction accuracy and robustness, the accurate thermal deformation prediction for array planes may be predicted.
    Study on Mode Ⅲ Stress Intensity Factor at Tip of Nano Cracks Emanating from a Circular Hole
    XIAO Junhua1;CUI Youqiang1;XU Yaoling1;ZHANG Fucheng2
    2018, 29(19):  2347-2352. 
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    The fracture performances of nano cracks emanating from circular holes under far-field antiplane shear were investigated. Based on the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity theory and conformal mapping technique, an analytical solution of the whole-field stress for such heterogeneous materials was obtained by using complex elasticity theory. The closed-form formula for the mode Ⅲ stress intensity factors at tip of the nano cracks was presented. The stress field distributions of the hole were studied based on the obtained formulas. The size-dependence of the stress intensity factors and the influences of the relative size of the hole on the stress intensity factors at crack tips were also discussed. The numerical results reveal that the stress field of the hole shows a nonmonotonic distribution, and the influences of the surface effect on the stress are quite different at different positions on the holes. When the size of the hole-cracks is on the nanometer scale, the stress intensity factors at crack tips show a significant size dependent effect. The influences of the relative size of the holes on the stress intensity factors are restricted by the surface property. At the same time, the influences of the surface property on the stress intensity factors depend on the relative size of the holes too.
    A Vehicle Scheduling Model for Trailer Pick-up Transport Based on Modified C-W Saving Algorithm
    ZHANG Di1;ZHONG Ming2;CHEN Long1;LIANG Jun1;GE Huimin1;TAN Jianxiang3
    2018, 29(19):  2352-2356. 
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    In order to study the model of trailer pick-up transport vehicle scheduling, the minimum objective function of fuel costs, toll costs, loading and unloading costs and delay penalty costs was built, based on the vehicle delivery mode which with time windows. Based on the different load-bearing fuel consumption equations, the model of trailer pick-up transport vehicle scheduling was constructed. An improved C-W(Clarke-Wright) saving algorithm was established, and the algorithm was used to find the optimal logistics delivery path of a 9-customers case successfully.
    Connotation and Technology System Framework of In-service Remanufacturing of Machine Tools
    CAO Huajun1;DU Yanbin2
    2018, 29(19):  2357-2363. 
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    The large quantities of in-service machine tools of low technical level might not satisfy the demands of industrial transformation and upgrading of China?吣s manufacturing industries. Based on the analyses of operation status and problems of in-service machine tools, the connotation of in-service remanufacturing of machine tools was put forward. In addition, implementation flow of in-service remanufacturing of machine tools was proposed. Then, the technology system frameworks of in-service remanufacturing of machine tools were established from the perspectives of fundamental common technology and key technology. Finally, the benefits of in-service remanufacturing of power tools were illustrated in the case of floor-type milling and boring machine remanufacturing.
    Cogging Torque Analysis of Remanufacturing Motors with Hybrid Laminated Stator Core
    SONG Shouxu1,2;DU Yi1,2;XU Ke1,2
    2018, 29(19):  2364-2370. 
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    In order to improve the performances of the remanufactured motors, the stator cores were reconstructed by mixing the amorphous materials and the silicon steel materials. Based on energy method and considering the structural characteristics of the stator hybrid laminated motors, a method for calculating the cogging torques of the stator hybrid laminated motors by using piecewise superposition was proposed to approximate 3D calculation. According to the piecewise superposition method,the segmented reverse skewed slots was used to reduce the cogging torques. Based on Ansoft 3D finite element analysis software, the influences of mixed stacking mode on cogging torques were analyzed, and the performance parameters of motors under different mixing ratios were compared to determine the proportion of materials. Besides,the cogging torque and the no-load electrodynamic force under the determined mixed proportions were analyzed.The results show that the cogging torques of the hybrid motors are independent of the stacking mode but only related to the proportions of the materials. Comparied with the forward skewed slots, the reverse skewed slots have little influences on the motor performances and reduce the cogging torques very well. The simulation results were compared with the superposition calculation results, which verifies the feasibility of the two-dimensional simulation approximate calculation of laminated.
    Pickling-cold Rolling Production Line Power Modeling and Process Parametersing Optimizeation
    YANG Jie1;SONG Jian1;HU Qi1;ZHANG Chaoyong2;MENG Leilei2
    2018, 29(19):  2371-2376. 
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    Aiming at improving the energy efficiency of the pickling-cold rolling production line, an energy flow method was introduced to establish energy model for the production lines, to analyze the real time power required by each machine. To verification the accuracy of the model which includes parameters relevant of rolling mill, a full line motor model and power meter provided by a cold rolling mill was substituted into the model to calculate required power of a machine, and the results were contrasted with the motor capacity of the machine. Finally, with the lowest energy consumption and good strip shape as the optimization goal, processing parameters of power model were multi-objectively optimized and an improved PSO was designed to solve model for getting final optimization results.

    Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on SPS Processes for a Powder Metallurgy Ti-22Al-25Nb Alloy
    JIA Jianbo1;LIU Wenchao1;LIU Hailiang1;LU Chao1;XU Yan1,2;YANG Yue1;LUO Junting1
    2018, 29(19):  2377-2383. 
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    A Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy with dense microstructure was prepared by using SPS method from pre-alloy powders. The densification of the powders during the SPS processes was simulated numerically by using the finite element software MSC. Marc. The effects of sintering temperature, holding time and sintering pressure on the densification processes of the Ti-22Al-25Nb powders were analyzed, respectively. The evolutions of relative density varying with sintering temperature, holding time and sintering pressure were revealed, respectively. Based on the results of simulation, the temperature range of 950~1 200 ℃, 50 MPa pressure and 10~20 min holding time were utilized in a series of sintering experiments to fabricate the Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys. The effects of temperature on the relative density, microstructure evolution and mechanics property of Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy at 50 MPa /10 min were systematically revealed. In addition, the fracture mechanism of the alloys sintered at different temperatures was revealed, respectively. The results show that the alloys sintered at 950 ℃/50 MPa/10 min exhibit a better mechanics property with the elongation of 8.14% and the yield stress of 691.04 MPa.
    Weld Spot Disposal Optimization of Body Joints Based on Homogenization Cycle Theory
    HU Zhaohui;CUI Xuejiao;CHENG Aiguo;QIN Xiaokai
    2018, 29(19):  2384-2388. 
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    A weld spot optimization method was proposed based on parameterization of weld spot pitchs. Firstly, the finite element model of several different weld spot spacings was established by uniform distribution theory. Then, according to the cycle iteration principle, the iterative form was determined and analyzed based on the equidistant distributions of weld spots. Finally, the body-in-white stiffness and the maximum stress values of the key parts of the body were taken as the constrained,  the minimum number of weld spots was taken as the design goal, and the weld spot arrangements were optimized. The method ensures the performance requirements of the body structure, and ensures the uniform distribution of the weld spots and improves the engineering practicability of optimizing the design results.